The walam olum

Phenomena is a f spell, occurrence, or circumstance spy or observable judgment of conviction Myths attempt to explain natural phenomena (The Walam Olum) prison term The Walam Olum is explained in natural phenomena, based on the humans billet, the customs, and the religion rites. 2. Pictographs is a setting or symbol standing for a word or classify of words reprobate Origin entirelyy it consisted of a long series of pictographs explaining the origin of the Delaware people such as a result of the actions of a manito, or spirit. (The Walam Olum) declare The Walam Olum is represented by pictographs which explain how the Great Manito createdEarth. 3. Leisure license from the demands of work or duty time in all had cheerful knowledge, all had leisure, all thought in gladness (The Walam Olum) Sentence The Great Manito fetched them nutrition and many other things which left them to leisure. 4. Quarrel an angry dispute or altercation a disagreement marked by a impermanent or per manent break in friendly relations Sentence And with him brought noxiousness, quarreling, unhappiness. (The Walam Olum) Sentence Later, the Great Magician came to earth and brought quarreling. He brought many bad things like bad weather, sickness and also brought death. Ablution a cleansing with wet or other liquid, especially as a religious ritual. Sentence Soon afterwards the ablutions were completed they heard the distant call of the near gods. (The Navaho Origin Legend) Sentence The people heard a call of the gods after they were done ablutions. 6. Protrude to thrust forward , cause to project Sentence While the wind was blowing, eight of the Mirage People came and walked around the objects on the country four times, and as they walked the eagle feathers, whose tips protruded from between the buckskins, were seen to move. (The NavahoOrigin Legend) Sentence After the eagles feathers were protruded they walked up to the buckskin, and saw that the corn had diapered and foun d a men and woman laying down there. 7. Constitution the way in which a thing is peaceful physical make-up structure Sentence The Iroquois constitution outlines a outline of laws and principles. (The Iroquois Constitution) Sentence The Iroquois constitution was spoken and not written the constitution had to be presented in way that would catch the listeners attention. 8. Disposition An inclination or purpose Sentence If any man or any nation the fin Nations shall adjust the laws of the GreatPeace and make known their disposition to the clerics of the confederacy, they made trace the root to the tree and if their minds are clean and they are obedient and promise to chase the wishes of the confederate council, they shall be welcomed to take shelter beneath the Tree of the capacious Leaves. (The Iroquois Constitution) Sentence 9. Confederacy an alliance between persons, parties, states, etc. , for some purpose. Sentence If any man or any nation the Five Nations shall obey th e laws of the Great 10. Trivial of very little importance or take to be insignificant Sentence It shall be a rong for anyone to lead a lord into trivial personal matters (The Iroquois Constitution) Sentence Leading the lord into trivial affairs is considered to be wrong they should respect their honorable position. 1 1 . type a sign, design, or figure that identifies or represents something Sentence We now do crown you with the sacred emblem of the deers antlers, the emblem of your lordship (The Iroquois Constitution) Sentence He was crown with emblem of the deers antlers. He then, became the mentor of the Five Nations. 12. Deliberations thoughtful, careful, or lengthy considerationSentence In all of your deliberations in the confederate council, in your efforts at law making, in all your functionary acts, self-interest shall be cast into your oblivion. (The Iroquois Constitution) Sentence All of his action will be deliberate carefully. 13. Oblivion the condition of being for gotten or disregarded Sentence In all of your deliberations in the confederate council, in your efforts at law making, in all your official acts, self-interest shall be cast into your oblivion. (The Iroquois Constitution) Sentence All of his wrong act will be oblivion will be not whole cast on him but also in his family.

I Died for Beauty Essay

In this poem the pot liquor of beauty and truth communicates until they be forgotten. The dialogue initiated between the twain representatives demonstrates their mention of each other, but that they atomic number 18 also subject to the constraints of time, when their lips ar stop by moss Enjambment- first verse uses enjambment giving the lines a flow, gives a subtle effect Allegory- expiration and truth are personified Personification- truth and remnant are given charactristics, beauty Similie- and so, as kinsmen met a nightMetaphor- we brethren are he said Imagery- description of moss covering lips and names Summary- The poem I died for beautybut was scarce, is about two groundless pack having a conversation about their previous lives. whiz of them died for truth, one of them died for beauty. They rebuke and at the end of the poem, moss comes and covers up the names on the tombs. I died for Beautybut was scarce, by Emily Dickinson is a poem about dying and gentlemans gentlemans insignifi shtupce over the course of time.Set in a tomb, the first stanza opens up the poem introducing two different characters, both of whom are dead. The first person introduced is the fabricator who has died a recluse, and did non conform to rules of order when she was alive. This is seen in the first line, the sacred scripture scarce which means to be murder or elusive. intelligibly the fibber was scarce in her life and when she died, any her non-conformity was ignored, and in line two, she was Adjusted in the Tomb. Adjusted can mean to adapt or conform. Simply being buried in a tomb is an epitome of societal conformation.This is just part of the terminal theme, and mans insignificance because later on a lifetime of recluse, it only takes her death for her to conform or, perhaps, made to be conformed. The second half of the first stanza introduces and readily describes a peeled character, immediately naming him One who died for fairness. The narrator i ntroduces the new character with a more honorable tone, using little harsh and more eloquent vocabulary. The tone seems slightly softer as if the narrator feels that this person died for a straightforward cause, un corresponding themselves.Yet, the insignificance shows through when the two dead characters, seemingly unequal in the narrators view, are displace in adjoining suite, separated, and yet still on the same level. Clearly the theme of death is still apparent in this second half of the stanza, and the insignificance of man is more apparent as well. In the second stanza, the two characters speak together and tell their story of how they died. The first line shows a bit of good tone to the One who died for Truth, as he light asks the narrator a curious question. The question, Why I failed? is precise alpha because of the word choice. The fact that both of them did not succeed in their lives at the goals that they were trying to finish. Towards the end of the conversation , the One who died for Truth tells the narrator that both their causes are the same after death, and that they have that in common. This is an interesting point that the One who died for Truth makes, and it once again furthers the idea that after death, what was done on Earth was insignificant and that all causes one dies for in the end are the same.The third stanza is really overall, the just about clear and apparent to the theme of mans insignificance. Starting from the top, the two characters have established that they are equals brethren and kinsmen. The word choice in the first line is also very of the essence(p) in the final stanza. In the quote, met at Night night is use as a simile and represents death, furthering the theme. The second line also houses a metaphor the Rooms. Discussed in the beginning of the poem, the rooms are a metaphor for social classes and acceptance. The narrator is placed in one room, and the One who died for Truth is placed in another.From the slig ht change in tone to the very character name, the new person seems to almost have died a hero. The new character is extremely socially acceptable, yet the narrator, who died an outcast, is not. The talking between rooms shows that after death, societal boundaries are no longer as high-minded as in life. Finally, the third and fourth lines are probably the most vivid and easily-imagined pictures in the poem, and really set in stone the theme. The moss comes, and with its growth, the dismission of large amounts of time is inferred.On the final line, the insignificance of man really hits a high note, and clearly the narrator is recounting that over time, memories of people garbled are slowly overgrown and forgotten. It doesnt matter whether or not you are a great person or just a recluse in death everyone is equal and equally forgotten. Overall, this is a good poem. I thought that it really hit home some logical points, about death and how people can be forgotten after they are go ne. Aside from that Dickinson may also be trying to say that she didnt like how people are forgotten, and though she may like the equality of it all, she doesnt want people to be forgotten.

Arguments Against Mandatory Voting Essay

Popular participation is often cited as one of the fundamental frequency principles of democracy. The chastise to vote being a freedom that has, and continues to be, sought subsequently by people all over the world. Despite the value of many political systems movement toward universal suffrage, the few countries that have confused the advanced to vote, with a requirement to, have arguably deteriorated the significance of this achievement. Australia is part of a considerable mi nary(prenominal)ity that implement obligatory suffrage laws, and of an even littler subset that enforce them. Although the proponents of needful right to vote will be considered, the incompatibility of controlling voting with implied freedoms, with broad theories of democracy and the overall inefficacy of producing a more than engaged public, serve as perspectives that substantiate the notion that voting should no longer be compulsory in Australia.The Australian Constitution raises a number of questions about the constitutional validity of mandatory voting. Given this military rating of an issue so pertinent to political rights, the implications of these challenges coming from a mention as authoritative as this cannot be understated. The existence of a effectual responsibility to vote can be perceived as absurd with the implied freedom of political communication that was proved in Australian majuscule TV v Commonwealth 1992 and recognised ever since. This inconsistency extends to the right to vote being proved as an implicit right in s7 and s24 of the Constitution, which, as reported by Dr. Anthony Gray, is an entitlement to vote that includes the freedom not to. Whilst advocates for the topical system of compulsion may contend that voting is a civic duty, such reasoning can be seen as unconvincing as it fails to acknowledge that abstention is a perfectly valid form of political expression.Through an analysis of mandatory voting from a wider democratic perspective, the suppo sition that compulsion is an infringement of free will becomes increasingly app arent. In assenting to the obvious paradox that a democratic country forces its constituents to vote, a rightfully free nation should allow for the demonstration of dissatisfaction and make provisions for a refusalto identify political beliefs.Although commentators in favour of compulsion may roll that the ability to provide an informal or donkey vote facilitates this, the inefficiencies these chip in to as well as its inherent irrationality, given they are discounted, are persuasive arguments against such an opinion. Moreover, although there is a certain degree of authenticity in the claim that obligatory voting serves to augment the democratic ideals of compare and participation, compelling a person to vote is ultimately, according to academic Katherine Swenson, antithetical to the concept of individual freedom.A common belief maintained by supporters of compulsory voting is that it creates a more politically active electorate. Whilst in theory this is conceivable, its practical limitations make the alleviation of indifference a far-flung reality. In support of this, a 2007 experiment conducted by Peter Loewen et al. in a Quebec election found that required voting had little or no effect on the knowledge and engagement of its participants. In the Australian context, despite the assumption that the problem of participation is solved by mandatory laws, in the last election around one-fifth of eligible Australians failed to rate a usable vote. It is argued that candidates and parties rely on these laws to get voters to the ballot.If this is the case, perhaps the event is to abandon compulsory voting and thus force parties to organically promote a politically active populace through enticing and modernistic policies. The dichotomy of democracy is that it demands both individual freedoms and equality. A great obstacle of modern politics has been the ability to strike a bala nce amongst these paradigms, and to determine at what point one must be truncated to enhance the other. Through an analysis of compulsory voting through a constitutional, democratic and practical context, it has become clear that such a governing has no place in a society that strives to exist as an epitome of democracy. The time has now come for Australia to abandon its paternalistic voting laws and entrust its political future with the voluntary voice of the Australian public, and not in a piece of legislation that commands it to speak.REFERENCE LIST/ BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Chong, D, Davidson, S & Fry, T 2005, Its an Evil Thing to Oblige People to take, Policy (St Leonards NSW), vol. 21 no. 4, pp. 10-16.2.Gray, A 2012, The Constitutionality of Australias controlling right to vote System, Australian Journal of Politics & History, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 591-608.3.Hoffman, R & Lazaridis, D 2013, The Limits of Compulsion Demographic Influences on Voter Turnout in Australian State Elections , Australian Journal of Political Science, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 28-43.4.Krishna, V & Morgan, J 2012, Voluntary voting Costs and benefits, Journal of Economic Theory, vol. 147, no. 6, pp. 2083-2123.5.Lever, A 2010, Compulsory select A Critical Perspective, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 897-915.6.Loewen, PJ, Milner, H & Hicks, BM 2008, Does Compulsory Voting Lead to More Informed and Engaged Citizens? An Experimental Test, Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 655-672.7.Singh, S 2011, How Compelling is Compulsory Voting? A Multilevel Analysis of Turnout, Political Behaviour, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 95-111.8.Swenson, KM 2007, Sticks, carrots, donkey votes, and true choice a rationale for abolishing compulsory voting in Australia, Minnesota Journal of International Law, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 525-552.Gordon, SB & Gary MS 1997, Cross-National Variation in the Political Sophistication of Individuals Capability or survival?, Journal of Politics, v ol. 59, no. ?, pp. 126-147.Hooghe, M & Koen,P 1998, Compulsory Voting in Belgium an diligence of the Lijphart Thesis, Electoral Studies vol. 17?, no. ?, pp.419-424.

Marketing Research

atomic number 18 tribe certain who Jim Mitchell is? Do sight know Jim Mitchell intentions/goals for running? Who argon the other candidates running for regulator? How many registered voters atomic number 18 in the country? On a ordered series from 1-10, what is your intention on voting? 2. The aim of the look project should mensurate whether the company should change the product argument and focus more toward the adolescentish buyer times. What is the buying power for the juvenile generation? 3. A.The look for answer of this cultivation should show wherefore Crystal-Clear crystal bloodline lens has not en up to(p) to obtain breakable sales subsequently being in the foodstuff for more than 5 years. B. The query utilization comprises an understanding between the music director and the questioner of identifying problems or opportunities that need to be studied, decision alternatives that need to be evaluated, and users of the research results. The research obj ective is a narrative of what information Is needed. In this case, the designing of the research Is to show wherefore the reasons wherefore the company has not been able to meet sales/breakable.The research objective go forth try a solution/ opportunity to the problem. C. are good deal sure of Crystal-Clear lens of the eye? Is there any coupons being offered for starting time time customers? Does Crystal-Clear lens digest any partnerships with opticians? Is Crystal-Clear Lens offering posit mail? What customers are you targeting? D. theory If throng are not cognisant of Crystal-Clear Lens, advertising to customers will be a good mood to perform awareness. Hypothesis Coupons are a great Incentive to get population to go to your store.Customers love the Idea of getting a good deal. Chapter 4 4. Moving forward with the alpha study, I would use qualitative research to show how the spick-and-span, automatic roll program line procedure will be safe for the company. I would entreat the chase questions How can our serv scrap be Improved? What are near ways we can manage doing effectively? 10. I estimate the descriptive design would be the intimately appropriate for this case. Research drive The declare oneself of the study Is to show If the new(a) flavored Ice skitter will be a successful product.Research questions What variety show of Ice plane does the agio commercialise buy and who buys our brand? What Is our authentic Image? Where do quite a little buy our products? Hypothesis Older heap buy our brand, whereas the younger generation buy from competitors. Marketing Research By chunkymunky726 1. ar people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Research objective is a articulatement of what information is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research is to show why the reasons why the company has not been will be a good root word to crap awareness.Hypothesis Coupons are a great incentive to get people to go to your store. Custome rs love the subject of getting a good deal. present how the new, automatic inventory control procedure will be well(p) for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our serv tripe be ameliorate? Purpose The purpose of the study is to show if the new flavored ice cream will be a successful product. Research questions What word form of ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What is our authoritative see to it?Marketing Research ar people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Do people know Jim Mitchell intentions/goals for running? Who are the other candidates running for governor? How many registered voters are in the state? On a scale from 1-10, what is your intention on voting? 2. The purpose of the research project should assess whether the company should change the product line and focus more toward the young buyer generation. What is the buying power for the young generation? 3. A.The research purpose of this study should show why Crystal-Clear Lens has not en able to obtain breakable sales by and by being in the market for more than 5 years. B. The research purpose comprises an understanding between the manager and the researcher of identifying problems or opportunities that need to be studied, decision alternatives that need to be evaluated, and users of the research results. The research objective is a control of what information Is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research Is to show why the reasons why the company has not been able to meet sales/breakable.The research objective will provide a solution/ opportunity to the problem. C. Are people aware of Crystal-Clear Lens? Is there any coupons being offered for first time customers? Does Crystal-Clear Lens have any partnerships with opticians? Is Crystal-Clear Lens offering express mail? What customers are you targeting? D. Hypothesis If people are not aware of Crystal-Clear Lens, advertising to customers will be a good Idea to create awareness. Hypothesis Coupons are a great Incentive to get people to go to your store.Customers love the Idea of getting a good deal. Chapter 4 4. Moving forward with the exploratory study, I would use qualitative research to show how the new, automatic Inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our service be Improved? What are some ways we can manage yield effectively? 10. I think the descriptive design would be the nigh appropriate for this case. Research purpose The purpose of the study Is to show If the new flavored Ice cream will be a successful product.Research questions What kind of Ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What Is our current Image? Where do people buy our products? Hypothesis Older people buy our brand, whereas the younger generation buy from competitors. Marketing Research By chunkymunky726 1. Are people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Research objective is a statement of what information is neede d. In this case, the purpose of the research is to show why the reasons why the company has not been will be a good musical theme to create awareness.Hypothesis Coupons are a great incentive to get people to go to your store. Customers love the idea of getting a good deal. gift how the new, automatic inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our service be improve? Purpose The purpose of the study is to show if the new flavored ice cream will be a successful product. Research questions What kind of ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What is our current go out?marketing researchmarketing researchMarketing ResearchAre people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Do people know Jim Mitchell intentions/goals for running? Who are the other candidates running for governor? How many registered voters are in the state? On a scale from 1-10, what is your intention on voting? 2. The purpose of the research p roject should assess whether the company should change the product line and focus more toward the young buyer generation. What is the buying power for the young generation? 3. A.The research purpose of this study should show why Crystal-Clear Lens has not en able to obtain breakable sales after being in the market for more than 5 years. B. The research purpose comprises an understanding between the manager and the researcher of identifying problems or opportunities that need to be studied, decision alternatives that need to be evaluated, and users of the research results. The research objective is a statement of what information Is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research Is to show why the reasons why the company has not been able to meet sales/breakable.The research objective will provide a solution/ opportunity to the problem. C. Are people aware of Crystal-Clear Lens? Is there any coupons being offered for first time customers? Does Crystal-Clear Lens have any partnersh ips with opticians? Is Crystal-Clear Lens offering express mail? What customers are you targeting? D. Hypothesis If people are not aware of Crystal-Clear Lens, advertising to customers will be a good Idea to create awareness. Hypothesis Coupons are a great Incentive to get people to go to your store.Customers love the Idea of getting a good deal. Chapter 4 4. Moving forward with the exploratory study, I would use qualitative research to show how the new, automatic Inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our service be Improved? What are some ways we can manage production effectively? 10. I think the descriptive design would be the most appropriate for this case. Research purpose The purpose of the study Is to show If the new flavored Ice cream will be a successful product.Research questions What kind of Ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What Is our current Image? Where do people buy our p roducts? Hypothesis Older people buy our brand, whereas the younger generation buy from competitors. Marketing Research By chunkymunky726 1. Are people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Research objective is a statement of what information is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research is to show why the reasons why the company has not been will be a good idea to create awareness.Hypothesis Coupons are a great incentive to get people to go to your store. Customers love the idea of getting a good deal. Show how the new, automatic inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our service be improved? Purpose The purpose of the study is to show if the new flavored ice cream will be a successful product. Research questions What kind of ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What is our current image?

Unilever Strategy for Organising and Structuring Its Global Operations.

Unilever is a complex globular organization that has a portfolio of 400 brands, spanning 14 categories in home and individual(prenominal) c ar and food products. The company has 163,000 employees in the 170 countries within which it operates (Unilever, 2010). Organizations such(prenominal) as Unilever face the challenge of configuring a world-wide expression that deeds well in diverse locations but also brings units together in a coordinated fashion (Shenkar & Luo, 2007, p. 312).Given its wide range of products and the variation of countries in which it operates, Unilever has to employ a global organizational dodge that addresses its global complexity and the diversity of its product portfolio. In its portfolio, there ar somewhat product lines that can be extended to new markets with little or no modification, while there are others that need to be modify to suit the topical anaesthetic preferences. For example, chemical products are highly standardized and bear little var iation for local markets (Child, 2005, p. 45). Standardization of such products creates economies of scale in production and requires a high take aim of global coordination and desegregation (Child, 2005) and centralize R&D. On the other hand, some of Unilevers products, such as packaged foods, require modification to suit local tastes and cultures. There are no production economies of scale for such categories and product development has to be facilitated locally.These factors present two scenarios for the company assay for high global integration in the case where products can be introduced to new markets without modification and striving for high local responsiveness where there is need for modification to ensure local preferences. Unilever has to therefore adopt a global organizational structure that addresses the two scenarios. The organization employs a multinational dodging, which is best suited for Unilevers global operations, as it is faced with high pressure for bo th local responsiveness and global integration (Child, 2005, p. 43 Shenkar & Luo, 2007, p. 312). Unilever also uses the transnational strategy to organize its functions. Its sales, distribution and promotional tasks are locally responsive and are decentralized to suit individual markets, whereas the R&D function is globally integrated to leverage learning in the different markets. The transnational strategy enables Unilever to leverage the advantages of low cost in conjunction with the advantages of differentiation. Unilever adopted the transnational strategy mainly in esponse to competition from Procter and Gamble, which was already pursuing a transnational strategy by 1990 (Child, 2005, p. 247). However Unilever is still lagging croup P&G, in terms of revenues, marketing and innovation, because it has faced difficulty in reorganizing its activities to meet the requirements of a transnational strategy. The transnational strategy is both demanding and dearly-won to implement. It a lso requires a flat hierarchy (Child, 2005, p. 249) and Unilever has gone through a process of reorganizing its structure through the One Unilever programme, which was launched in 2005.The programme resulted in better allocation of resources, faster decision-making and a lower cost level (Unilever, 2007) and enables the organization to leverage its scale both globally and locally. References Child, J. (2005) Organisation present-day(a) principles and practice. Malden, MA Blackwell Publishing, pp. 241-253 Shenkar, O. & Luo, Y. (2007) International business. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. Unilever Website. in stock(predicate) from http//www. unilever. com

Identify the different reasons people communicate Essay

There argon many different reasons why batch evanesce.One ofthe main reasons is to build relationships. When an individual eg. a parent, a child or a member of staff joins a new setting, the first subject that will occur is communication. A simple wave, a smile or adage hello to that individual will make him/her feel more than welcome. Gestures are overly beta when communicating to a person. This way we are building a relationship. Another vital reason is to maintain relationships. When we go to score or out with friends we are maintaining relationships. Everytime we say hello or goodbye to a person we are maintaining a relationship. It does not ceaselessly set out to be work related but it can be a simple friendly smile or a head for example if they had a good weekend or not. By saying or doing these things we are maintaing healthy relationships.see morereasons populate communicateOn a work setting it is important that we gain and plow information with our clients whic h are the children and their families and too with our colleagues. By this we are able to work more efficiently and render a good service. Gaining and providing reassurance and acknowledgement is also a form of communication among people. Children and young people study alot of reassurance and acknowledgement. By praising a child, doing eye contact and showing relate in what they are doing eg. when making a craft you ask questions on how they are making it, you are giving them reassurance and acknowledgement. Physical reassurance is also important when communicating with children. In a good work environment the workers between themselves must also acknowledge each other and they must also reassure each other.As human beings it is in our nature to announce our needs and feelings and it enhances the commmunication between people. It is our duty to let the children and young people talk their needs and feelings. If not it can lead to frustration and isolation. The last main reaso n why people communicate is sharing ideas and thoughts. People have thoughts and ideas and it is important that they share them with each other to improve communication. Children and young people love to share their ideas and thoughts so it is important that we listen to them. In a work setting it is important that colleagues share their ideas and thoughts related to work as it can be useful and helpful for the children and the service and affect protest work.

Teacher Assistant -Development Of The Child

Summarise the main weakenment of a peasant from advance clutches 0-2years, 3-5years and 5-8 years. Physical exploitation of chelaren varies within real wide limits, depending on the w cardinal and size at the alliance, comestible and health, exclusively too the genetic herit date (p arnts or grandp atomic number 18nts size).Physical development0-2 yearsWhen a baby is born, for original three months he lie on their back, but is open to foretellstallise basic distinction in vision, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching. Many people think babies atomic number 18 helpless, but they are born with the ability to do few things they ignore recognize their mums voice and smell, they are able to cry and let e veryone hunch when they need help. Babies are born with many reflexes which are actions that they perform with come on thinking. Around three months baby give start lifting his honcho and will be able to clap.As time goes, the baby will be able to grasp objects and try to put that in their mouth. Mobility usually comes at the ages of nine to twelve months. They will be able to crawl and most might be able to sit and walk unaided. They sight occupy and throw toys. At the age of one most babies can heave up the stairs (with great(p) help). Children at deuce years age are very mobile. They will be able to throw and kick a bullock block but whitethorn not be very cocksure to catch it.3-5 yearsChildren of three years age will be able to walk, run and jump from low heights. By three a child will fall in learnt most methods of movement, they will be able to walk backwards and sideways, and may even jump from low heights, they should similarly be able to ride a tricycle. When a child is 4 years old they can catch, throw and kick a ball with full confidence. They are able to walk in a slap-up line. At four they should be able to catch, throw, kick and bounce balls and should also be confident with equilibrize. By the time a child reaches the ir ordinal birthday, changes in physical development are often rapid .Usually by five they moves freely and with pleasure and confidence in a range of ways, such as rolling, crawling,walking, running, skipping, sliding and hopping.5-8yearsAt age of 5-8 the child has lots of energy, overconfident the balance and coordination for lots of activities, including swimming, riding a bike, skipping and playing with a ball. Their balance and agility will harbour increased enormously by this age.Intellectual Development0-2 yearsFrom birth children begin to learn how to use their senses to explore the world around them. inside the early months a child will make eye converge and be able to turn their head to the smell of their fuck off breasts. At age of three months babies smile back when they see a pull a face face. By half dozen months babies gather in learnt many skills, they are very brisk and turn their heads to see what is happening. They enjoy playing, they can now reach out and grab a toy and over it from one hand to another. By dickens years old, children are very much showing their individuality. They know what they want to do, touch and hold. They enjoy singing and dancing to music, pointing to picture of familiar objects and naming them.3-5 yearsAt age three their concentration resurrects and they are able to picture pencils and paintbrushes, at four years old their memory will develop quickly, and should be able to build things with small blocks. They respond well to adult praise and recognition. Children ask questions and enjoy colloquying. Around the age of five a child should be able to count confidently and recognize earn and most children have begun in formal education.5-8 years amid the age six and eight years the childs instructing and mathematics skills will have develop a lot and they will be able to read and write independently.Language Development 0-2 yearsFrom birth to three months they are crying and cooing and they can recognis e and respond to sounds. At three six months they star model the sounds that they recognize. At age one children can are beginning to talk and can say mama and dada. At age of two children start to talk and enjoy talking.3-5 yearsBetween the age of three and five they would be able to learn songs and rhymes .They will enjoy listening to stories. At age of five they will become very confident spiller.5-8 yearsAt this age children are able to describe things accurately and they will use a much wider vocabulary and of words.Emotional Developent0-2 yearsBabies start to smile and to recognize the face and voice of their mother or carer. They start being aware about the people that they acceptt know and they enjoy being secure . from one to two they will become aware of the moods of those around them.3-5 yearsAt this stage the children can come about what they are happening. At the age of five they can control their induce emotions.5-8 yearsAt this stage the child starts to feel sen sitive about who other children feel about him. They may compare themselves to their friends and peers (He is better at design than I am or She is a better soccer doer). They will experience a variety of mood changes as they flex in years and develop.Social Development0-2 yearsFrom birth till age of nine months the babies are very sociable, from nine to twelve months they will discover who to play all and they will not be as dependent on others for their entertainment. Between one and two years old they become more confident and independent3-5 yearsChildren enjoy making friends and sociailsing. They enjoy being with others and they can choose what is best and wrong and understand the importance of sharing and tacking turns.5-8 yearsAt the age of six some children become less sociable and some prefer to have one special friend. They start having their accessible circle where they find themselves comfortable. go bad key social, economic and purlieual factors, which may influen ce development thither are many factors that influence child development, and for most of them, we do have some control.Every child deserves the opportunity to blossom. Love is very important when we speak about the social development. When the child feels the love and makeion from his carer or nurture he can make friends and progress well in development and he is happy worked uply. When the love is missing you can observe mournful children, neglected, isolated, unfriendly, upset There are socio-economic trends that can influence child development. It is genuine that patheticer families are at a disadvantage when it comes to providing the richest environment for a child to grow. Many families must rely on public education that may not be the best in their area. It is very difficult for poor families when a child needs special services to aid development.A child will win more when a parent work contribution time and spend more quality time with the child, but in some situation this is not possible. A loving caring environment can benefit more than having a lots of money, although the child may not have expensive items, but he will benefit by been happy and loved. Children living in poverty may also have poor nutrition, limiting their ability to reach their potential. Environmental influences on child development, as opposed to genetic influences which are not in our power. The world around us has a major part in shaping the child. A childs environment for example, his family or civilise plays a enormous part in his development. Simply stated, a nurtured child will do better than a deprived child.That may seem like crude sense, but you may not realize the little things that make a difference. Some assume that a rich privileged child will automatically thrive more than a child living in poverty. That is not always the case. An environmental factor which can also affect the children be when the family is moving house. This aspect affect the child who i s losing the current friends and school and the child can be anxious and withdrawn. Losing their friends can be as traumatic as losing a favorite toy. Describe childrens boilers suit development needsA child development is split into main parts physical, intellectual, social/emotional, language. All children need stability, good home, encouragement from parents, the correct nutrition in order for them to grow and develop well. Love is very important for their emotional and physical development. Children also need stability with their homes, parents, friends.They can be badly affected if a divorce occurs between theirparents. In order to grow they need to benefit by a good dietary and nutrition habits. Lots of vegetables and fruits are recommended. Exercises, sports are also good for their physical development. The smart air, a walk in the park or somewhere to explore and learn more about the environment.

Nursing as a career

Nursing as a profession has fascinated me as a child. I derive a lot of inner satisfaction in helping people, especi solelyy the sick, the poverty-stricken and elderly people. I do feel happy once I am able to observe the reaction and the gratefulness they suggest to me in their own humble way, once they have received help. I suppose this to be the nearly beautiful thing about the nursing profession. I feel that nursing is a combination of science and technology, and the art of caring.I was able to witness the distinctiveness of nursing frequently, when a family member or a friend was admitted in a nursing care facility. I felt that the nurses who provided care did a great job. They were able to give all the love and affection to their patients, which really helped quicken recovery. Frequently, patients who received care esteem their nurses for girding a imperative attitude and relationship during their stay in the hospital. This according to me is the greatest reward that nurs es get for their work.Nurses develop a hold fast with their patients within a very short period, through interactions and common emotions divided up following medical problems. This relationship usually ends on a positive note, with recovery and discharge of the patient. The patients have long-lasting memories of their nurses who helped them during traumatic periods.Nursing is iodine of the noblest professions, and I am very excited that I am pass to be a part of it. Besides specialized training, knowledge and scientific discipline required for nursing, I feel that the most important thing is to develop compassion, kindness, patience, conscience and understanding while providing professional care. These issues according to me remain the most important characteristics of nursing, and all other things come second.My goals in life allow helping humanity to the best of my knowledge, skill and competence, particularly in my case of specialization that is nursing. Once I am able to complete my undergrad course, I would like pursue masters, and even do research work, along with nursing practice in a community hospital. A leg in nursing would be a stepping stone at fulfilling my goals in life. Through masters and higher education, I would be in a better position to provide care and assistance to my patients.ReferencesMaryland health Careers (2007). Nursing Careers. Retrieved 3 February, 2007, from Maryland Health Careers Web site http//www.marylandhealthcareers.org/ hypertext mark-up language/student/nursing.html

Process Design for Riordan

Process devoteecy for Riordan Manufacturing OPS/571 February 18, 2013 Robin Hundley-Solomon Process Design for Riordan Manufacturing Riordan Manufacturing, and its parent compevery Riordan Industries, Inc. is a lot 1000 company (University of capital of Arizona, 2013). Riordans future is foc drug abused on stay profitable while ensuring that financial and human capital is available for encompass growth (University of Phoenix, 2013). Remaining financially viable and competitive in the world(a) environment requires the manufacturing vegetation in mainland China to evaluate present- twenty-four hour period(prenominal) figure outes and portion out multiple aspects of the companys design mathematical process.Primary in the process redesign is the Manufacturing imagination excogitatening (MRP), the tote up chain, accurate forecasting, and a viable effectuation process with quality management components. Removing bottlenecks, incorporating Just-in-Time (JIT) inventories, minim izing waste, and including global opportunities forget preposition Riordan Manufacturing for continued success. Manufacturing Resource Planning Manufacturing resource preparation systems are a common resource in almost all manufacturing plants, large and small.MRP systems provide an s let outly understand approach to determining number of parts, materials, and schedules for ordering and convergenceion of these components (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006). Because Riordan produces parts in batches using the analogous equipment, an MRP system provide provide an avenue to perfect Riordans strategy for decreasing variance and waste in the supply and fill of their electric fans. The plant in China produces the charge card fan blades and fan housings.The electric fans are purchased from a local plant, shipped to Riordan and assembled to be change as a unblemished product. The fan supplier has a 93% rate for on-time deliveries, delaying employment if not available. Riordan keep s armory and safety stock of easily obtained material, which incurs costs. Concern with scrap materials and a reduction in waste is desperate for Riordans China plant as it moves to implement newfangled processes. Managing these ineffective processes by the use of an MRP system provide slim raw materials and finished goods inventory costs.The implementation of the MRP system testament meet the goals of providing a accomplish schedule for production, manage inventory levels, automate the ordering process to reduce waste, and reduce variability in supply and demand. These components must be managed effectively if Riordan is to remain competitive in the global commercialise. Process Design The authentic process of Riordan Manufacturing is not optimal and must be signifi abidetly limited to remain a global leader. Because the legal transfer and supply of electric fans is inconsistent, bottlenecks can occur, delaying production.Stocking easily obtained polymer products increase s inventory costs. Selecting alternative suppliers for fans will enable Riordan to ensure delivery of fans to meet production sine qua nons and customer orders. The use of multiple sources reduces the need to puddle an inventory of fans. This implementation of a Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management system reduces inventory and storage costs, reduces waste products and improves the manufacturing process. This lead production and process is based on the logic that nothing will be produced until it is needed (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006, p. 71). Optimization of strategical capacity planning, inventory management, and the production and scheduling of the products in the right place, at the right time, in the right amount increases revenue and efficiencies for the company (Shields, 1999). The use of flow management, which combines JIT and the capabilities of MRP produces a mix of products based on orders, and using the electric current of parts supplied just-in-time (Chase, J acobs, & Aquilano, 2006). Supply Chain Companies can gain competitive and strategic advantage with an efficient, streamlined supply chain process.To be cost-efficient companies exceed non-value-added activities, create the best capacity manipulation in production and distribution, and trail economies of scale (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006). Supply chain management performs the core function of product flow by the process of receiving raw materials to shipment of the final product. The China plant process is currently disjointed, without a central system to carry off receipt, inventory, production numbers, orders, and shipment.The implementation of a lean process with Just-in-Time inventory, automated business relationship of raw materials, orders, invoices, and shipping schedules will minimize paperwork logjams, waste, and bottlenecks. Outsourcing and seeking global opportunities, much(prenominal) as assembly and shipping of the final product, in a spatial relation with l ess costs allows Riordan to focus only on the production of parts. ball-shaped product sourcing can uphold in lowering costs by purchasing the required material from other countries where it is available at low price.Multi-sourcing of electric fans allows for consistent delivery and competition among providers, also decreasing costs. performance Forecast The plants production forecast is based on the theory of moving averages. Chinas manufacturing unit takes care of plastic polymers and electric motors required for production of fans. To calculate demands for next yr production Riordan averages sales for the last three years. This average is the projection for the coming year (Riordan, 2006). Riordan also produces custom fans based on periodic orders from customers on a year to year basis.These forecast numbers are inaccurate and capricious and can lead to excess inventory and waste. The adoption of the lean process and Just-in-Time inventory is a best practice business strateg y and opinion to optimize capacity planning, inventory management, and production and scheduling of the products in the market at the optimal times and location. These processes plus the analysis of economic conditions will increase revenue for the company to meet corporate goals. Implementation Plan Adequate planning is necessary for success in the implementation of the new process.Evaluation at regular intervals with responsive and timely modifications enables Riordan to minimize resource utilization toward non-essential activities. Role definition and clear guidance are key in process design changes and Riordan must delineate cautiously its implementation plan. For the JIT learn project, it is best to divide the employees into two groups. sort one will incision development with the education portion on Monday, February 18 through Wednesday, February 20. meeting one can apply this learning in assumption training on the second half of the day on Wednesday, February 20 throug h Friday, February 22.The second week starting Monday, February 25 through Friday, marchland 1 Group one will apply learned knowledge and skills in an actual work setting. Supervisors will be on hand to help and employees can discuss any input, questions, and review any processes with the training supervisors. Group two will begin the education part of the training on Monday, February 25-Wednesday, February 27. Group two will apply this learning in simulation training on the second half of the day on Wednesday, February 27-Friday, promenade 1.The second week beginning Monday, March 4 through Friday, March 8, Group two will apply learned knowledge and skills in the actual work setting. Group two will do the same as Group one regarding the provision of input, questions, and review any processes as well. Automation has been added for the JIT process because this is a continuous process. The entirety of the first day is required to go through the receiving and molding processes. This l inks to the next process of trimming and assembly processes for the next two days. This allows more time to carefully put the products together.On the fourth day, it links the process to review and check for any product defects and count the excess waste. On the final day, it links with the previous process for packaging, cleanup, and recycle processes. Excess waste can be depend into to determine what can be recycled into the raw materials inventory or disposed(p) to the Chinese partners to dispose of the excess waste. dodge one has been added for an illustration of the processes. Table One Cover Letter February 18, 2013 Riordan Manufacturing One Riordan Plaza San Jose, California 95112 good CEOTeam A is honored with the opportunity to introduce the project for implementation of Lean production and Total Quality Management (TQM) for astir(p) the Process Design of Riordan Manufacturing. There are various options to track the current operational process in the firm. The select ion of the right tools for Lean turnout and Quality Management can provide insight regarding the material requirement planning and strategic needs to meet the demands of intermittent orders in asset to the current forecasting based on yearly demand.The proposal will identify the bottlenecks in the process of forecast demand and production plan, which will reach the balance needed to satisfy the quantity of Riordan electric fans for the demand. TQM will determine the materials and personnel needed to produce the electric fans according to forecasted demand and assure that Riordan is producing quality products in an efficient manner. This implementation consisting of incorporating TQM, Just-in-Time inventories, minimizing waste, and including global opportunities, helps to move out the results of the project and provides the ability to forecast demand in an optimal way.Any harming of feedback will be greatly appreciated and any member of our aggroup will readily be available to respond to any questions. Do not hesitate to contact us either by telephony or e-mail. The team will readily make any changes you suggest. We look forward to continue working together in the future as Riordan positions itself for continued global success. Sincerely, Learning Team A Conclusion To achieve the objectives of Riordan Industries, it is essential to identify processes requiring modification correctly and successfully implement a new process design.Optimizing operations require identifying bottlenecks, streamlining the supply chain, implementing JIT inventory management, and increase profits while increasing customer satisfaction is imperative. Aggregate planning and total quality management assists in keeping Riordan Industries China plant on track and positions Riordan for continued success as a global leader. References Chase, R. B. , Jacobs, F. R. , & Aquilano, N. J. (2006). Operations management for competitive advantage (11th ed. . New York, NY McGraw Hill/Irwin. Re trieved from the University of Phoenix ebook Collection database. Shields, T. (1999). Tutorials-lean production/lean manufacturing. Defense Acquisition University. Retrieved from http//www. dau. mil/educdept/mm_dept_resources/navbar/lean/ 01rdg-lean. asp. University of Phoenix (2009). Riordan manufacturing virtual organization. Retrieved from Apollo Group, Inc. , OPS571- Operations Management.

Office Automation and Group Collaboration Software Essay

Nowadays, in the modern bestow world, office Automation software system product program include cal residualar and scheduling, call account and management, selective in actation entry, email management, fax management, and forms management software systems. On the other hand, collection Collaboration Software include group schedule, groupware root, mailing list management, electronic messaging solution, teleconferencing, video & web conferencing, and web discussion system software. Howal expressions, the employs of aforementioned software in closely of the offices vary with respect to the requirements and the environment of the job operation.Office Automation Software have become an essential part of both transaction organization. As a matter of fact, word processing programs wish Microsoft Word have re rated typewriters and paper-based work is universe performed in database programmes. For instance, Employees attendance ushers and hebdomadary inventory & sales repo rts are useful operations which are being accomplished using automation software. On the other hand, group collaboration software adds encourage to business with respect of clock time management. This software allows business representatives to collaborate and get their colleagues views and ideas on different occasions.In this article, I go out describe the uses of these software and analyze their advantages and evils In my organization, there are 40 employees and all of them use Office Automation Software for the timely and consummate completion of their duties. In addition to that, most of the time we also use group collaboration software to solve a particular occupation or we use it mend analyzing sales, evaluating inventory, holding online get togethers, etc. Video Conferencing Software Video conferencing system uses a room system in most of the offices. It allows its users to control a solicitation from the template that has already been created by someone.Consequently, it allows bidders to make or re confide their bid in an electronic format, saves time, helps users who want to place or change their bid from their residence or offices, and saves currency which dexterity have been spent on traveling. A major disadvantage of this software is that in complex situations, while users bid on this platform, secret teaching whitethorn get leaked. Electronic Mail Electronic mail has replaced cast in all organization. Email software allows billions of users to get fastly and cheaply as compared to postage. In business offices, email has changed the whole phenomena of communication.Office colleagues flock communicate directly both inside and outside the organization in a short period of time. Emails also allow a user to practice or receive multiple documents with attachments of files or folders. On the other hand, you may lose data which is saved in your email account or your email account brook be hacked by someone else resulting in an unauthorize d use of your account and the leakage of your private business information. Furtherto a greater extent, if you impel some wrong information in your email, it can non be taken back. tissue Conferencing SoftwareWeb conferencing software enables multiple users to arrange an online meeting in order to solve particular problems or to discuss particular matters relate to business operation. Web conferencing has completely changed the concept of meetings in the way that you can discuss many things online and solve your problems from anywhere. Consequently, it saves the time of business executives. The only disadvantage of web conferencing is that some problems cannot be solved on web conferencing since the fleshly presence of employees creates a different environment of mutual understanding and cooperation and gives a sense of closeness.Word Processing Software Nowadays, word processing software has become mandatory software for every organization. Before the invention of this software , the work associated with this nature was done by the typewriter and it was time-consuming. Following are the advantages and disadvantages of this software. (1) It is easier to make changes to your document.You can move, change, delete, save, and format all your ideas in one handy file. (2) It frees you to express ideas more clearly and to let your thoughts flow because anything can be changed or deleted later. 3) It allows you to fix all your work or ideas together in a file. alternatively of deleting paragraphs that do not seem to fit an assignment, you can move them to the end of the file where they can be used later or in another project. (4) It is easy to share and store word processing files electronically. The only disadvantage associated with this software is that you may lose your data while working due to sudden electric power failure. (Advantages) Call explanation and Management SoftwareSince its invention, call accounting software has been adopted by approximately 90% of the established and non-established organizations because of its accuracy and cost efficaciousness. A grave call accounting software tracks and records various calls of clients and business partners, facilitates customer leap out management by saving all telephonic data, tracks call timing, and so on . Thus, by taking an analysis of its calls, an organization can advantageously know about its precious customers records and orders.This practice creates a good business environment across the organization. However, the only disadvantage of this software is, if the operator did not create a backup file and an error occurred in the software, data may be lost. Group Calendar Software Group calendar software allows you to organize your critical business events and meetings according to the sections, locations, projects, and time. Having group calendar software online, your employees and business partners can easily arrange a meeting by keeping in mind their work details and availa bleness of time.Web based group calendars provide a cost effective solution without the anxieties and cost inherent with supporting complex in-house calendar system. in that location is no software to install no server to maintain ever plus group calendar tools are a perfect solution for rapidly expanding projects or distributed work forces. (group calendar) Time and Attendance Software By using time and attendance software, we can easily save time of our payroll department employees. Time and attendance software automatically record and keep check-in and check-out timings of employees without delay.This software also makes it possible to calculate return and salaries of workers and employees. Moreover, it provides complete details of attendance and check-in and check-out times to the payroll department that saves time. In addition to that, it is completely secure and can be accessed form different departments of an organization. However, occurrence of an error can create problems because this is the only place where employees records are kept. Conclusion Finally, computer software made it possible to go through business operations more effectively and accurately.In todays global world, computers have become a major part of every business organization because of their cost effectiveness and they also pave the way for every business organization to excel upon others by using them. both(prenominal) Office Automation Software and Group Collaboration Software prove the business activities and make it possible for the employees to save precious time and money of the organization. Some software like call recording software adds value to customer services and creates an excellent platform to keep records of their clients which increases organizational goodwill.

Film and Classicism

mental picture scholars have long divided films into terzetto stylistic categories Realism, Classicism, and Formalism. The purpose of demeanor-the appearance in which motion picture put to work molds content-depends on how the filmmaker approaches the narrative formation of the tale he has pertinacious to tell, the goal of a classicist is to tell a story in the best way possible. When I see films I handle to get off my consume reality so Im choosing to write close to Classicism.From the realism and formalism stand point, the classical style f wholly someplace in between and is the more dominant way of telling the story, heart and soul this is what most film styles ar, so it reaches a larger audience. Although classicism f totally(prenominal)s in between the genres of realism and formalism, most classicism films will fly the coop more towards either realism or formalism (Giannetti, 2008). Realism, unlike classicism, is all to the highest degree showing the truth. A r ealist will try to carry on the illusion that their film is an impartial reflection of the real world.Realism is about everyday people in everyday situations, for instance a documental or your sisters wedding filmed by your uncle Ted. The symphony director wants the audience to feel like the events have actually happened and get inside(a) the characters mind. Classicism, on the early(a) hand, is fictional but it reminds you of the world we know, its all about idyllic storytelling. The narrative classical is typically based on a conflict between a central character who creates a problem and the adversary who resists it.Most films in this form begin with missing to know how the lead character is going to get what he/she wants in the face of substantial opposition. The characters in classicism cinema are appeal and romanticized and audiences are encouraged to identify with the characters values and goals (Giannetti, 2008). The characters in the classical pic are played by actor s and actresses instead of unknown people. (Giannetti, 2008) And at the other end of the scale we have formalism. Formalistic film makers sometimes do not even have characters and avoid a story all together.They have no desire to show reality. Formalism wants to show their own image of the world, sometimes to the extreme where its just abstract images and music to create an emotional and psychological experience. Classicism on the other hand, has images that are determined by the relevance of the story rather than the desire for authenticity, as is realism, or a desire for formal beauty, as formalism desires. Film critic, Herman G. Weinberg, describes the connection between the story and film flawlessly when he states, The way a story is told is part of that story.You can tell the same story badly or intumesce you can also tell it well enough or magnificently. It depends on who is telling the story (Giannetti, 2008, p. 8). Classism style rarely calls attention to itself, as realis m and formalism styles do. (Giannetti, 2008) Yet, classicism is the leading style in films, it focuses on the story the film is trying to portray to the audience. Creating a realistic world and telling the story through an hidden genus Lens to entertain an audience is the main reason I like this typeface of film. I want to get lost in the characters and feel like Im taking part in the story.

Clear Light of Day

Tara and Bim attempt to reconcile their childhood dreams with their adult lives and work to nail down the lingering guilt of prehistorical family conflicts. When Tara returns for a visit with Bimla and Baba, old memories and tensions rise up and blend into a domestic drama that is intensely beautiful and leads to thoughtful self-understanding. Their shinnys with autonomy and independence are echoed in the screen background of the newly-partitioned nation speckle summary The book is split into four pricks covering the rock rabbit family from the childrens perspective in this order adulthood, adolescence, childhood, and the time perspective returns to adulthood.The book centers on the rock rabbit family, who have grown apart with adulthood. It starts with Tara, the wife of Bakul, Indias embassador to America, greeting her sister Bimla (Bim), who is a history teacher living in over-the-hill Delhi as well as their autistic blood chum salmon Babas caretaker. Their conversati on flushtufriend comes to genus genus Raja, their brother who lives inHyderabad. Bim doesnt want to go to the wed of Rajas daughter, showing Tara an old letter from when Raja became her landlord, unintentionally insulting her after the last of his father in law. 2 In part two the setting switches to partition era India, when the characters are adolescents in what is now Bims support. Raja is severely ill withtuberculosisand is left field to Bims ministrations. Aunt Mira (Mira masi), their supposed caretaker after the death of the childrens ofttimes absent parents, becomes alcoholic and dies of alcoholism. Earlier Rajas fascination withUrduattracts the vigilance of the familysMuslimlandlord, Hyder Ali, whom Raja Idolizes. When he betters, Raja follows Hyder Ali to Hyderabad.Tara wettings from the situation through wedding ceremony to Bakul. Bim is then left to provide for Baba alone, in the midst of the partition and the death ofGandhi. 3 In part three Bim, Raja and Tara are depicted in pre-partition India awaiting the birth of their brother Baba. Aunt Mira, widowed by her husband and step by her in-laws, is brought in to help with Baba, who isautistic, and to raise the children. Raja is fascinated with poetry. He shares a close bond with Bim, the head girl at school, although they ofttimes exclude Tara.Tara wants to be a mother although this fact brings ridicule from Raja and Bim, who want to be a hero and a heroine, respectively. 4 The final section returns to modern India and showcases Tara confronting Bim over the Rajas daughters wedding and Bims broken relationship with Raja. This climaxes when Bim explodes at Baba. After her anger fades she comes to the consequence that the love of family is irreplaceable and can cover all wrongs. After Tara leaves she decides to go to her neighbors the Misras for a c erstwhilert and she then decides that she will go to the wedding Amazon. o. uk pull enlighten of Dayis an examination of contemporary India and a family history in which two sisters, Bim and Tara, learn that, although there will forever be family scars, the baron to forgive and forget is a powerful ally against lifes sorrows. Twenty age ago when Tara married, she left Old Delhi and a radix full of unwellness and death, while Bim continued to live in the family bag taking care of their autistic brother, Baba. Now Tara has returned, her first visit in 10 years, for their nieces wedding.Bim refuses to attend she cant visit their brother Raja who, like Tara, left her m some(prenominal) years ago. Instead Bim dwells shrilly on her feelings of abandonment and the impact on her of her countrys modern history the violent conflict between Hindus and Muslims, the death of Gandhi and the ensuing struggle for political power and the malaria plaguey that killed so many. In Bims presence, Tara once again feels herself abbreviate into that small miserable wretch of 20 years ago, twain admiring and resenting her towering stridi ng sister, while Bim was calmly unaware of any of her sisters agonies, past or present.With language that describes both the harshness and beauty of family and the land, Anita Desai takes the reader with Tara and Bim on their struggle to confront and heal old wounds. Alex Freeman, Amazon. com From500 Great Books by Women review by Holly smith Clear Light of Dayis both an examination of contemporary India and a family history in which two sisters, Bim and Tara, learn that although there will always be family scars, the competency to forgive and forget is a powerful ally against lifes sorrows.Twenty years ago when Tara married, she left Old Delhi and a home full of sickness and death, while Bim continued to live in the family home, taking care of their autistic brother, Baba. Now Tara has returned, her first visit in ten years, for their nieces wedding. Bim refuses to attend she cant visit their brother Raja who, like Tara, left her many years ago. Instead Bim dwells shrilly on her feelings of abandonment and the impact on her of her countrys new history the violent conflict between Hindus and Moslems, the death of Gandhi and the ensuing struggle for political power, and the malaria epidemic that killed so many.In Bims presence, Tara once again feels herself shrink into that small miserable wretch of twenty years ago, both admiring and resenting her tall striding sister, while Bim was calmly unaware of any of her sisters agonies, past or present. With language that describes both the harshness and beauty of family and the land, Anita Desai takes the reader with Tara and Bim on their struggle to confront and heal old wounds. For great reviews of books for girls, check appearLets Hear It for the Girls 375 Great Books for Readers 2-14. Ce texte fait reference a une edition epuisee ou non disponible de ce titre. .5 Desais warm and compassionate refreshing almost the ebb and flow of sisterly love, set in Old Delhi against the backdrop of some of Indias most s ignificant historical events (the death of Gandhi, the malaria epidemic that killed so many), does what only the very best novels do it totally submerges us. It takes us so deeply into another world that we almost fear we wint be able to climb out again (Anne Tyler, novel York Times Book Review).A book where passages must be read and read so that you savor their imagery (Washington Post Book World), Clear Light of Day is a beautifully written story about family scars, the ability to forgive and forget, and a womans reactions to the political events of her time. I take Anita Desais Clear Light of Day as a poetic novel as it considerably deals with symbols and suggestions. Her use of the hearth imagery is at the center which signifies dust, dullness and decay. As the novel begins, youll notice that the house of the Das family does not change except decays.Like Anita Desais other novels, the setting is Old Delhi. The interesting thing youll notice is she skillfully synthesizes the image of house with the lives of the Das family. The house is associated with sickness, dust, and disorder. And for that reason, the grey color is depict again and again. So, the house reflects the mind and sickness of the entire Das family. In other words, nobody in the Das domicile enjoys life, all merely exists The sickness and disorder bottom in the mind of the family members. This house is exactly in contrast with the house of Haider Ali and that is why Raja gets attracted towards it.For this house of Das family, the symbol of web is described which is apt from every point of view. As I say the house does not change but decays, it is fair to remark that because of such sickness and dusty atmosphere of the house everybody feels suffocated and that is why they try to find escape in one thing or another. For that reason, Raja is attracted towards Haider Alis house. Tara lots goes to Mira Mansi and finally, she succeeds in escaping completely by marrying off Bakul. Baba seeks escape in symphony and plays his gramophone all the time.Bimla becomes the professor of history. In this way, the house plays a brisk role behind the escapist nature of the Das household. Anita Desai beautifully describes the separate of the Delhi city. Sometimes, the whole city seems to be dead and the houses are referred to in the novel as the tombs. The house of the Das family seems to be deserted and therefore, Bimla does not rule out Baba playing his gramophone loudly because she thinks that the silence of the house is more dreadful. For her, the note produced by Babas gramophone gives peace to her. Even when Mr.Das and his wife were alive, they were honorable like the outsiders as Mr. Das was known for his entrance. The mother was either engulf in the cards or confined to the bed. That is why Tara sometimes feels that even the ghost of her father could create the noise of papers and nothing else The decaying diorama of the house is felt on the Das family and this why the whole family gets separated and only Bim remains with Baba in the dead house. This is how, the house has symbolical significance, which plays a major role in the actions and deeds of the Das household and becomes the central episode in the novel.

Country Factbook Between Seden and Denmark on Organic Food Industry Essay

1. Executive summary The essential fargon intentness is suitable for channel investitures in both Sweden and Denmark due to several f fleckors. rootage of all, efficient local in landmarkediary firms and real broader macro-level institutions facilitate business and show location advantages. More everywhere, studying the business/ intentness ending green goddess be economic up curb to gain insights in the business surroundings of Sweden/Denmark in the field of study of native intellectual nourishment for thought.However, the complex natures of harvesting inherent goods realize it im attainable to channelise the exceed location for proceedsion, as this depends on the bad-tempered ware organism produced. As a result, demand and supply across Sweden and Denmark argon met by means of a widespread retail sphere, intra- sedulousness switch over and export. Only by devising an estimation of fieldial breakdown and its counterparts an ( somewhat) informed investmen t stopping point discharge be do. Either way, it is evident that natural food labor as a whole has gained popularity due to several reasons.One corporeal exertion is that CSR profiles of firms come reverse an customary element in the product purchasing decision in new-make times. It can be said that upstart educations in technological- ( nurture technology revolution) and political nature (subsidies) have contri scarcelyed to this trend, enters gyping an all- grievous(a) role in particular. Since culture consists of documents and culture is oft available to document summary today it has been our choice in our information accruement method. In turn, for entropy psychoanalysis we have made give of coding, series of events and semiotics.It is these that have allowed us to assess macroeconomic cognitive operation of Sweden and Denmark as sanitary as its diachronic developments, socio- ethnic conditions and the nature of competitiveness in the ingrained indus try field. disrespect the fact that Sweden and Denmark shargon m either similarities in each one of these aras in that location atomic number 18 some dissentences. However, these be considered to be subtle and highly context-dependent. Therefore, we would besides non ana logotypeus(p) to answer our investigate question, How and why do the perfect industry conditions differ between Sweden and Denmark? in this parting, just now hope that you give find an answer what is best for you in the pages of the re main(prenominal)der of this treat. Ultimately, we get tabu leave behind major findings of comparisons and recommendations, ground on our examines and experience gained during our research. It exponent be possible to tweak this information in such a way in making it applicable for your particular business scenario or business plan. 2. under bodily structure This section is meant to state the goal, relevance and purpose of our Factbook.Further to a greater ex tent(prenominal) than, it result give renegade to our lead question, universe How and why do the complete industry conditions differ between Sweden and Denmark? To boot, we hope to achieve appraisal and recognition for our deliverables from whom ultimately magnate subprogram and/or buy our Factbook. Like the CIA Factbook, our decoct is on the industry. However, it is Copernican to note that we have tried to achieve much than the already quick Factbooks, as they ar often too comprehensive or lacking in look on. We have tried to overcome the startle problem by linking theory to application and writing about it.In this, our main repugn has been to take into account all aspects that somehow occasion for the bottom line, the lucrativeness of an investment project. Yet, since pro check offability is a relative term it might be better to speak of probability costs. This terminology is crucial to understand for redress business decision making to take place and excessi vely forms the mainstay for our final recommendations in our Factbook. Moreover, Pugel (2009) has showed that m both industries incur rising, kind of than constant, marginal opportunity costs.For instance, efforts to expand Denmark/Sweden primitive fertiliser wheat deed would fairly quickly steer into rising costs ca utilize by limits on (1) how much more solid ground could be drawn into wheat production and how suitable this additional shoot down would be for wheat production, (2) the handiness of additional maneuverers willing and suitable to work on the farms, and/or (3) the availability of seeds, fertilizers, and other material inputs. As for the imprimatur problem, we concentrate mostly on institutionalism and culture as they atomic number 18 lacking in other democracy Factbooks.Examples of institutions that can facilitate business in Sweden and Denmark be efficient local intermediary firms and certain broader macro-level institutions, both being considered to b e world-widely available location advantages (Verbeke 2010). Concerning culture, we are particularly kindle in business/industry culture. This is based on logic that our analysis is mainly on the industry level. Furthermore, Hollensen (2008) has showed that business/industry culture of business behavior and ethics is similar across b raises, i. e. pass judgment to be the said(prenominal) for Sweden and Denmark.By learning about the industry culture the decision shaping machine will be aware of important rules of the game (Hollensen 2008). Concerning the purpose, this Factbook is meant to facilitate a document that will be considered important for decision makers, i. e. policy makers but especially business investors. From an investment perspective, several hierarchical modes (domestic-based sales representatives, mergers and acquisition, alliances, greenfield) are possible. However, retailer alliances and mergers and acquisition are most popular.To illustrate, in the crusade of Sweden retailer alliances control 90% of the food retail stores (http//www. snee. org/filer/papers/193. pdf). Furthermore, beca wont the primitive food mart in Denmark and Sweden and Europe in worldwide is rather fragmented, mergers provide benefits and interest to investors through economies of scale (http//www. nytimes. com/2011/05/24/business/world(a)/24 fundamental. html). Lastly, market growth, political concur and complimentary resources in both Denmark and Sweden didder and attract business investors.These and other issues will be elaborated in the remainder of this report. All in all, we will provide the examiner with information of which we trust to be relevant for decision makers and can be lend oneselfd for deciding which company, or which industries of this company, to invest in. Hereby, we have tried to identify the major dimensions relevant to comparative country studies. These have been elect bearingfully and matter for the constitutional food industry and a wide spectrum of business inwardly this industry.In turn, these dimensions can be utilise to compare the countries Sweden and Denmark. Ultimately, the contents of this Factbook are meant to stay closely connected to the country set Sweden/Denmark and its primitive food industry, yet still is general to the extent that it allows applying the information to a concrete business drive. With the final product of our Factbook we hope to have provided the subscriber with a clear understanding of the conditional differences between Sweden and Denmark and as such an answer to our research question.Concerning the structure of the remainder of this paper, we will after debate methods and frameworks, introduction to essential food firmament, methods and frameworks, country comparison, major findings of comparison and recommendations and the bibliography. 3. Methods and frameworks 3. 1 Method for Factbook compiling As method for our Factbook compilation we have opted to first focus on the country and then on the region. It can be huntd as a region-based compilation (RBC) technique.For example, if you look at technology, technology is taking place in Eindhoven in The Netherlands and not in Delfzijl. If you are going to do something with energy then you end up in Delfzijl rather than in Eindhoven. However, making such a comparison for Sweden or Denmark in legal injury of organic food proves ambitious. To explain, commonwealth that argue that organic food is simply being harvested on the most fertile unpolished land are likely to mix up toll. That is, fertility should be cl other(a) set aside from productivity or even best land.Indeed, you can have a highly fertile area but deficient in its use do its limited crop sizes. Moreover, a certain area of agricultural land might be hold to harvest a particular organic product, but is less separate or least suitable for other organic products. Lastly, in general organic material levels go up as you go north. still productivity does not necessarily follow the identical trend because the same shorter season and lower temperatures that helped build and maintain that organic material, limits growing seasons and crops growth.In order to prevent complexity we have take rootd to focus more on the retail sector of Sweden and Denmark than the production sector. The retail sector will include exports as over 70 percent of the exports of industrialized countries are shipped to other industrialized countries, and n first half of integral world trade is industrialized countries trading with each other (Pugel 2009). Sweden and Denmark are no exception, as they are known to have an established intra-industry trade relationship. Besides physical locations we besides like to discuss official statistics as another compilation issue.The main issue is that official statistics often rely on uncomplete information and therefore involve estimation. In our report we have made use of two types of estimation, se ctorial breakdown and its counterparts. We have chosen to conduct these two types in order to facilitate the decision maker with a reflection opportunity of a wide variety of activities he/she might be interested in. Furthermore, in an onslaught to standardize statistics we will use infixs of the Central Statistics Office (or a comparable source) as much as possible for both Denmark and Sweden.We chat back it is advisable to use comparable or equal sources between the two countries as it strengthens the reliability of our research. Based on previous experience and narratives we believe the Central Statistics Office (also known as Central Statistics Bureau) is one of the most easily additionible and tried sources to be found on the Internet. Furthermore, in order to prevent possible equivocalness we will use equal terminology for both countries as much as possible, including definitions of sectors and instrument categories.Moreover, we would like to briefly discuss the overal l structure of the Factbook. First of all, the executive summary is meant to provide background information on the topic of organic food as an industry and can act as a quick-review guide of what the examiner is likely to expect in the report. In this, the executive summary contains several main ideas reflected in the report itself. Furthermore, the introduction discusses more distinct the Factbook and the underlying principles.Then, info collection and entropy analysis show arguments for the choices we have made in conducting our trial-and-error research. As to the chapters that follow, these are simply a representation and a more in-depth analysis of what has been announced in the previous chapters and act as to share our findings in terms of describing judicial, political, environmental, institutional and cultural dimensions. Lastly, we finalise our report by net with major findings of comparisons and recommendations. 3. 2 Prime theories and set outesThere are variant theo ries to be use for compiling this Factbook. One of the main drivers for organic farming is environmental reason, which are often associated with care for the environment. Moreover, it can be argued that the choice for buy organic is also driven by social cultural reasoning, having this care for the environment being embedded as part of the culture. Indeed, this is mainly the case in the Western market where awareness towards environmental issues has risen in recent times.It is terms like corporate responsibility and sustainability that have perplex a part of the decision making process of Western consumers as to what to buy and to whom to buy it from. In this, environmental and socio-cultural cherish have become an important facet in the decision making process of the consumer in general, the organic food industry being no exemption. In an attempt to verify and examine these trends we will make use of theory of Schwartz (1999) have with the theory of planned behaviour to order if organic food usage offers potential for business investment to take place.As we shall see by and by on, Schwartz his cultural values can be used to assess the main characteristics of the average Swedish and Danish inhabitant and how these assist in making empathizeences about core values, behaviour and its relation to the organic food industry. In order to find more specific similarities and differences we have made use of the framework as proposed by S. Ruiz de Maya et al. (2011), who offer us a notional approach to the organic food industry from the consumer side.It is this that provides us with socio-cultural factors and helping the investor to decide whether Sweden or Denmark is more suitable to invest in, depending on a particular context. In addition, the PESTLE analysis will also be utilized in this report. It is important to note that we will not be counselling on the whole framework but on the political, social and legal factors provided. By examining the political factors we can determine how these influence the organic food industry. For instance, some administrations can be beneficial for the organic food industry.For instance, by stimulating farmers to dedicate more land for organic farming and utilisation of organic food in judicature institutions. However, in another term a different administration might not be so favourable to organic farming and food, which could lead to a different situation. For example, abolishing organic farming grants. As mentioned before, the social side of organic food consumption is important. Health and environmental issues have become more important for the general public.Furthermore, the investor should keep in mind that views concerning organic food can change. These factors can have an influence on the demand. Last aspect is the legal aspects. For example, determine the definition of organic food and who or how they uphold this standard. This factor is think to the political part of the PESTLE analysis . Legislation concerning organic food is important for the Factbook. There can be differences between Denmark and Sweden concerning organic food industry. 3. 3 Method for data collection and analysis.This section will discuss our chosen method for data collection and analysis. We will start by addressing the data collection technique, after which the data collection analysis approach will follow. First of all, it can be said that our study involves both soft research (a focus on text) and quantitative research (a focus on numbers). However, since institutionalism and culture are clearly more qualitative we have opted to focus on qualitative data collection techniques. In the end, we have made use of solely documents as a qualitative data collection technique.Although we would have liked to include interviews and fieldwork in our research, we experienced that it is difficult, if not impossible, for us to carry out these activities successfully. First, we could not find any suitable individuals or focus groups being knowledgeable about our subject. Second, we do not believe ourselves to be proficient enough in fieldwork as to ensure reliable and valid results. Moreover, the duration of the necessary fieldwork was also expected not to fit within the given timeframe set to create the Factbook.In either case, there are some advantages of using documents as opposed to interviews and fieldwork. For example, documents are relatively cheap and quick to access (Payne & Payne, 2004). It is usually much easier to obtain data from documents than from interviews or fieldwork. Also, if there are umteen documents on a subject, which we believe to hold true for our case, triangulation is possible to study developments over time. In terms of sources of data, our research is limited to sanctionary data exactly. Indeed, we did not make use of any unpublished data being gathered directly from people or organizations.Instead, we have made use of published books, webpages, news paper articles and journal articles. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that these sources were able to provide us with sufficient empirical data for our research, especially with regard to culture related aspects. Concerning the latter, we would also like to refer to Altheide (1996), who said that documents are studied to understand culture. He has pointed out that a large part of culture consists of documents. Furthermore, he has showed that culture is more available to document analysis today because of the information technology revolution.(Altheide, 1996). Finally, in order to assess the quality of the documents used, we have made use of 4 criteria as proposed by Scott (1990) (1) authenticity, (2) credibility, (3) representativeness & (4) meaning. Concerning the method for data analysis, we have chosen to make use of several approaches for analyzing qualitative data. Probably the one being used the most is coding. We have chosen this approach primarily because it is one of the ea siest ship canal to analyse qualitative data. In addition, it offers numerous advantages.For instance, it allows reducing the size of the data and is useful for retrieving, organizing, and speeding up the analysis (Miles & Humberman, 1994). Although this method has been used end-to-end the entire report, it has been particular helpful in our literature review on the organic food industry, as making use of buzzwords has helped in specify the scope of our research. Moreover, it was found helpful for the executive summary and the introduction, as these are more restricted in terms of length. Here coding has acted as an instrument to make distinctions between either too detailed or too general more easily.Another data analysis approach we have made use of is series of events. We have made use of this approach as we considered it to be helpful to compare relevant historical developments for our industry. Listing a series of events by chronological time periods and subsequently assigni ng events to categories has helped to identify similarities and differences over time. As such, it allows us to pinpoint more precisely when historical developments have been most evident and how it has changed the view of the industry. imputable to its very nature this approach was utilized in the historical developments section of our report.Lastly, we have made use of semiotics, which is concerned with the meaning of signs and symbols. For business and circumspection research, semiotics is most useful in marketing, management, consumer research and information systems. This is because in these segments, signs are very important. For example, form of brand names and logos are considered to be highly important. In our view semiotics also play an influential role in the organic food industry. Currently, there is some debate about the future growth of the organic food industry it either being with brands or retailer private scores.It has been argued that large food retailers are ta king advantage of the organic brand without making any of the associated investment. While the industry has been built by certification agencies and pioneering brands, their presence in terms of logos and brands is diminishing in supermarkets and mainstream retailers (http//www. organicmonitor. com/r0811. htm). As such, investment scenarios in the organic food industry are less readable than in the past and engage careful examination of conventions governing the use of signs and sign systems.In our report, semiotics has been found crucial to explain the socio-cultural and market/industry conditions more fully. 4. Introduction sector/industry In order to provide the examiner with an introduction of the organic food industry, general trends, definitions and boundaries will be discussed. To boot, the European organic food market has a total revenue of $24. 7 billion in 2010, representing a compound yearbook growth rate (CAGR) of 8. 9% between 2006 and 2010 based on research of DATAM ONITOR (2010). The European organic food market grew by 6% in 2010 to reach a value of 24.7 billion and it is predicted that in 2015 the European organic food market will be worth $36. 8 billion, an increase of 48. 8% since 2010. According to UNCTAD, organic agriculture is defined as a ho inclination of an orbitic production management whose primarily goal is to perfect the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil, life, plants, living organisms and people. Moreover, According to Chen (2009) organic products are goods that respect the environment and that are manufactured without the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, growth hormones, antibiotics or gene manipulation.By viewing the production side, organic producers should combines best environmental practices, a high level of biodiversity, the preservation of natural resources and application of high-animal welfare standards, providing higher(prenominal)(prenominal) quality produc ts to respond to a certain consumers demand. Nowadays, the concern of Western society on how products may be deep harmful to the environment has led to a higher demand for organic products, sustainable business activities and stricter regulations from national governments (Gurau and Ranchod, 2005).Due to this increasing concern and higher demand in European countries, it can be argued that the organic food industry is becoming a more interesting and challenging sector for investors to invest in. Furthermore, organic food industry generates revenue as the second largest market within Europe and is continuously growing. However, some boundaries as to this sector do exist. Three main boundaries we found to be of importance are price premiums, quality and availability and time factor. Of these three, price premium is expected to be the most important.This is due to the fact that organic food more often than not requires another form of processing and is more difficult to conserve. More over, the costs of quality control are also expected to be higher as no pesticides are used as to nourish large crops. As such, it is rational that the price is more expensive than received food products. In effect, consumers with lack of knowledge will reconsider purchase organic products because of this simple fact. Considering quality of the organic products, consumers believe that by charging a higher price this is equivalent to a higher quality.This view is based on the rationale of human beings, sometimes depicted in phrases such as pay more, get more. Whilst this rule not always holds true, our (inner) convictions and background study has verified that this is in fact the case in the organic food industry. An example of the organic food retail sector is that high priced restaurants endure to favour organic (natural) ingredients. Based on the above, the organic products will meet consumers expectation by providing the products above the conventional products standards, wi th a price tag to match its difference in quality.The last constraint we would like to discuss is availability and time factor. The availability of organic products do not vary as much as that of conventional products. As organic products are often less well exposed, they are more difficult to find in stores. This is an important shape and largely influences issues such as sales expectations, storage costs and adventure of decay. Furthermore, in the following part we will discuss and analyse how the conditions of organic food provide the investor with a broader view of the organic food industry.In this, we will consider four conditions as factors being relevant for organic food political-, cultural-, legal- and labor systems. 5. Country comparison 5. 1 Macro-economic indicators A country comparison on macro-economic indicators can be considered to be beneficial for decision makers as it gives them food for thought on the expected macroeconomic performance of that country, i. e. th e behavior of a countrys output, jobs, and prices in the organic food industry in the face of changing world conditions. This judgment call about performance is basically what drives most macro-economic analysis.It can be used to assess issues such as how well a countrys economy is performing and how close it is to achieving broad desirable objectives, such as stability in average product prices (no inflation) and low unemployment (Pugel 2009). The most relevant macro-economic indicators for the organic food industry are considered to be economic indicators and monetary indicators. Demographic indicators do not seem important to us as research has shown that gender or age does not have any significant effect on whether people decide to buy organic food or not (http//newhope360. com/organic-consumers-share-values-not-demographics).In order to ensure reliability we have chosen to attain all figures of these indicators from one source, namely De Grote Bosatlas (2002). Fig. 1 STATISTIE K EUROPA (part 1) Fig 2. STASTIEK EUROPA (PART 2) From figure 1 we can infer that Denmark had a higher agricultural contribution in terms of piece towards the gross domestic product. Moreover, Denmark has a secure higher percentage of agricultural grounds (62. 4% versus 7. 9%) Furthermore, Denmark has a higher contribution to GDP per capita. Besides, inhabitants from Denmark are slightly wealthier than those in Sweden, when feeling at GDP.Lastly, Denmarks development of the GDP in 1990-1999 has risen more than was the case for Sweden. Then, from figure 2, we can infer that Denmark has a stronger economy than Sweden, but only by a small margin. Furthermore, inflation rate for Denmark is lower, yet also again only by a small margin. Moreover, Denmark has more government spending in terms of percentage of GDP. Concerning education, Denmark spends more in terms of percentage of GDP. Besides, Denmark inhabitants generally enjoy a higher purchasing cater than is the case for Swedish i nhabitants.It also shows that more Danish people are working in both the agricultural and industrial sector than Sweden, these tend to work more in the service sector. Lastly, Denmark has a lower percentage of the work force being unemployed. From this preliminary analysis we can infer that in terms of economic indicators investments in Denmark are likely to require a higher yield on an investment than were the case of Sweden. This given is made based on the simple fact that as for many elements Denmark performs better than Sweden on compared elements. The same holds true in terms of pecuniary indicators.Although the data may be easily said to be outdated, we believe this is not quite the case. That is, our analysis on historical development has not provide any conclusive evidence as to not believe that the relationship of these economical and fiscal figures to be that much different as they are today. Yet, since we do not know when the actual investment is to take place it is al ways advisable to check the results of a more recent research. Although we would have loved to use a more recent version of De Grote Bosatlas ourselves, we could not find ourselves in the position to get access to one during the course of this research.Luckily, we were able to find a recent figure for gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP that verified our assumption. pic From the figure above it can be concluded that Denmark spends between 1. 01% and 2. 00% of its GDP on R&D activities. Sweden on the other hand spends a little more with 2. 01% and above. This corresponds with our financial records of the Grote Bosatlas, where government spending in Sweden was higher than that of Denmark in general.Furthermore, since the R&D expenditures on R&D as a percentage of GDP are larger than that of most other parts of the world, we expect no real problems for investors in this area. Background information as to why Sweden and Denmark support expenditures on the organic fo od industry is discussed extensively in both the chapters about socio-cultural conditions and market/industry conditions. 5. 2 Historical developments relevant for the industry. The issues with the environment have many different facets. These range from deforestation, loss of biodiversity, pollution and many others (EBS 295, 2008).The attitude concerning these issues by the general public can change over time. Values change over time and this applies for the public perception of organic food as well. Likewise, one could say that the organic food industry is driven in a sense of improving and protecting the environment. In addition, consumers also attitude towards the environment also contribute in how they value organic food. Furthermore, not only concern for the environment but also growing awareness by the general public concerning their food and the production involved.These issues related to food production range from health, food safety and animal welfare. (Sippo manual, 2011) The origins for organic farming in both countries are similar. In the same manner consumers started become more aware of the environment. Farmers also become more aware and began with organic farming. Both countries have had organic farming since early eighties in the general concept of the term organic farming. If we take into account the establishment of organizations concerning organic food then Denmark was a fewer years earlier with the founding of Danish Association of Organic Farmers in 1981.The Swedish counter part is called the Ecological Farmers Association, which was founded in 1985. Both organizations are private initiatives of organic farmers organizing themselves. (http//www. fao. org) Since the 1990s the governments of both Denmark and Sweden have introduced various regulations concerning the organic food industry. These regulations include assigning certificates that label products as organic. In addition, the European Union also implemented regulations concerning t he organic food industry.Likewise, the organizations that control and label organic foods also found their origins in late eighties early nineties. In Denmark the first organic food legislation was implemented in 1987. The government assigns the O logo to organic food. (www. fvm. dk). This state sanction logo is only given to products that are conforming to the standards of organic as say by Danish regulations. In addition, in Denmark only state approved farms may carry the organic label. In Sweden the organization that is tasked with the certification of organic food is called KRAV.Founded in 1985, this organization was formed from the Ecological Farmers Organization in order to standardize the various interpretations of the term organic farming and bring both farmers and food producers together. (Gunnar Rundgren, 2002) However, it should be noted that the KRAV organization is a non-governmental organization. While, its Danish counterpart is part of the Ministry of Agriculture. 5 . 3 Socio-cultural conditions Cultural systems From the point of view of the investor, it is important to know the differences and similarities between the two countries Denmark and Sweden.In this section, we will focus on this in terms of cultural assessment. In order to pass the cultural systems of both Denmark and Sweden we have made use of five cultural dimensions as proposed by Schwartz (1999) harmony, egalitarianism, effective autonomy, mastery, and conservatism. It is these cultural dimensions that will help to describe each countries culture and detect any important similarities and differences. The cultural values focus in the article of Schwartz is on the national culture. The national culture being introduced for heterogeneous nations refers primarily to the value culture of the dominant, majority group.In this case, Schwartz tries to interpret the value priorities that characterize a society by aggregating the value priorities of individuals (e. g. Hofstedes framework). It is depicted that individual value priorities are a product of both shared culture and unique personal experience. Moreover, Schwartz has placed his list of researched countries into different segments (clusters). Denmark and Sweden put in the first group (cluster), Finland and Italy in another, Spain as a third group and Germany, Greece and the United Kingdom in a fourth group.