Pet Overpopulation: Cause and Effect of Homeless Pets Essay -- cause a

A harmless visit to the neighborhood pet store turns into a unpitying encounter for me. Every Saturday, Pecan (my dog) and I visit a local pet store to purchase food and treats for her. Pecan and I pass by a dozen of shelter volunteers eagerly showcasing homeless dogs before entering the pet store. Shelter volunteers are special because they are willing to devote their Saturday morn to help homeless pets. On the way I stop and great each volunteer and dog, then I walk away emotionally grieve and trying to holding back tears. My sadness soon turns into anger, when I realize I cannot adopt every homeless pet. The pet population is a increase crisis in America. In this essay I will discuss the cause and effect of homeless pets, I will begin by explain the manakin that contributes to pet overpopulation, then I will discuss the consequences encompassing animal breeding, then I will examine the social stance that effects pets, finally I will conclude by suggesting solution s.First, I will begin by introducing the correlation between anatomy and the pet population. T...

Tolstoys Three Hermits Essay -- essays research papers fc

Between 1875 and 1877, Leo Tolstoy, nobility by birth, wrote installments of Anna Karenina. While writing Anna Karenina, he became ghost with the meaning and purpose of life. This led Tolstoy to compose the es word, My Confession, detailing his agonizing religious and moral self-examination, published in 1882. He devoted a nonher deuce-ace geezerhood to the discovery of the meaning and purpose of life. At the close of the seven years of only non-fiction essays, Tolstoy resumed writing and publishing fictional works. However, he did write two more essays devoted to the meaning of life, What Then Must We Do (1886) and The Kingdom of God is Within You (1892). Tolstoy, in 1886 wrote a particularly intriguing tale of a bishop and three white-haired men, The Three Hermits, which reflects Tolstoys search for purpose and the meaning of life.The Three Hermits is a journey, both physical and spiritual, similar to Tolstoys faith journey. A bishop was journey from Archangel to the Solovet sk Monastery, and on the same vessel were a number of pilgrims on their way to visualize the shrine at that place (Tolstoy, p. 1). The story goes on to say that a fisherman on board relayed the tale of the three hermits who live on an island near where they currently were sailing. The Bishop becomes very curious, and insists upon meeting the hermits. The other pilgrims protest at the idea of stopping. The captain also objects and informs the bishop, The old men are not worth your pains. I have heard said that they are foolish old fellows, who understand nothing, and never speak a word, any more than the fish in the sea (Tolstoy, p.3). This passage makes an ironic point. The pilgrims travel to Solovetsk, home of a monastery considered adept of the holy places in Russia, to pay homage and receive Gods favor, yet they are unwilling to learn from people close to God, much manage the people of Tolstoys time, too wrapped up in the churchs doctrine to see the way to God. Tolstoy wrote i n Repent ye, for the Kingdom of heaven is at Hand, a chapter of The Kingdom of God is Within You that Christians must aspire to the Kingdom of God, not the kingdoms of the world, meaning that the idols and relics of the church are worthless, people should instead visit God through meaningful prayer, good deeds, and work. The tale continues on to say, the cable was quickly let out, the anchor cast and the sails furled Then... ...rought to life in a fable. The Three Hermits span time in understanding the journey to the meaning of life. To this day, the puzzle never has been solved and may never be solved. In the unceasing words of Tolstoy, If you are content with the old world, try to preserve it, it is very sick and cannot hold out much longer. But if you cannot bear to live in everlasting dissonance between your beliefs and your life, thinking one thing and doing another, get out of the medieval witted sepulchers, and face your fears. I know very well it is not easy (The Anarchis t Library, p.1).Works CitedTolstoy, Leo. The Three Hermits. Democritus University of Thrace. 8 January 2000 .Leo Tolstoy. The Anarchist Library. 12 January 2000 .Forster, Stephen. The Gulags Archipelago. 12 January 2000 .Crosswalk.com Bible Study Tools. Crosswalk.com Network. 14 January 2000 .Tolstoy, Leo. innovation Book. Chicago World Book Inc., 1998.

Diabetes :: essays research papers

Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by elevated levels of lolly (glucose) in the blood. It can be caused by too footling insulin (a chemical produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both. Approximately 2.7 million or 11.4% of all African Americans aged 20 years or older get hold of diabetes. However, one-third of them do not know it. The most life-threatening consequences of diabetes be heart disease and stroke, which strike people with diabetes more than in two ways as often as they do others. Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates 2 to 4 times high uper than those without diabetes. African Americans with diabetes are at increased risk for heart disease, stroke and other macro vascular complications. Other complications of diabetes include blindness, kidney disease, and amputations.Most African Americans (about 90 to 95 percent) with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes usually develops in adults and is cause d by the bodys resistance to insulin and to impaired insulin secretion. Although it is a very serious disease, diabetes can be tempered with diet, exercise, diabetes pills, and injected insulin. A small number of African Americans (about 5 percent to 10 percent) have type 1 diabetes, which usually develops before age 20 and is always treated with insulin.Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. The cause of diabetes continues to be a mystery, although both genetic and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise appear to play roles.Major Types of DiabetesType 1 diabetes results from the bodys failure to produce insulin, the hormone that unlocks the cells of the body, allowing glucose to enter and fuel them. This type of diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common arrive at of diabetes. In type 2 dia betes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Sugar is the basic fuel for the cells in the body, and insulin takes the sugar from the blood into the cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, it can cause two problems Right away, your cells may be starved for energy. Over time, high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes, kidneys, nerves or heart.

A Singular Self-Identity Essay -- Multiple Personalities Essays

Self-identity is singular. The belief in this existence of ones self, presupposes all told our experiences of consciousness. We all hold that this identity is ours alone. I speak of my experiences as experienced by me. I would seem to be talking nonsense , if I referred to myself in the plural form or spoke of how the multiplicity of mes experienced an event. Although most willing submit to the existence of levels of consciousness, we categorize those people who exhibit distinct personalities as non-ordinary. only popular theories of self-identity set about the task of proving a singular self. I will attempt to analyze the currently held theories of self-identity, and consider cases where the singular self-identity of normal individuals is called into questi on. Psychologists pursuit to clarify this discussion have researched phenomena concerning the nature of self-identity, and its relation with consciousness. Philosophers can attempt to investigate the fundamental assumptions underlying these studies, an d examine their ramifications upon our dogmas of self-identity.To formulate a concept of our idea of self we must consider the uniqueness of our experience, and account for memories of prior experiences. Self-identity is my ownership of a personal, distinct unity of consciousness that is consistent by time. Unity of consciousness is the personal, private, owned, and discrete continuing experience of the self. For example, I believe that I am. I believe that I am, neither in part nor in whole, someone other than whom I perceive that I am, and that this I was the same unity yesterday as today. I also infer that I will be (if I wake from sleep) tomorrow the continuation of the same self.This self that we assume, does not ex... .... Los Altos, CA. Kaufman, 1983..Laurence, Jean-Roch, Perry, Campbell & Kihlstron, John. Hidden Observer Phenomena in Hypnosis An Experimental Creation? diary of genius and Social Psychology. 44.1 (1993) 163-169..Sacks, Oliver. The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales. New York Harper Perenial, 1985..Spanos, Nicholas P. The Hidden Observer as an Experimental Creation Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44.1 (1983) 170-176..Watkins, John G. & Watkins, Helen H. Hypnosis, Multiple Personality, and Ego States Handbook of States of Consciousness. Eds. Benjamin B Wolman & Montague Ullman. New York Van Nostrand, 1986..Wilkes, Kathleen V. Fugues, Hypnosis, and Multiple Personalities Self & Identity Contemporary philosophical Issues. Eds. Kolak, Daniel & Martin, Raymond. New York MacMillan, 1991..

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Someone very special in my life once told me, Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off of your goals. Upon entering naughty school four years ago, the majority of us had one goal and only one goal in mind, graduation exercise. Many of us overhear comprehend people say that tall school is the best time of our lives, so we better enjoy it. With that in mind, we theory that the next four years were handout to be a breeze and before we knew it we would be out of here. Well, that is when reality hit us ... Way back in the first few days of September in 1997, we all took our first steps onto the big campus of Conolon High School. For some of us it was exciting and exhilarating, for others it was scary and nerve wracking or even a little or very intimidating. Whatever the rush of emotions that came over us may have been, it was just the beginning. As lowly little Freshman, we had to adjust to high school life. Going from middle school to high school wa s a big transition whether we wanted to admit it or not. Some of us thought that the change would be easier if we got involved, so many joined athletics, leadership or a club or two and then there were some that trenchant to just focus on their studies. Whichever path we decided to choose, we still had the same goal, to just fit in with everyone and start our dogged journey towards graduation. For our class, the class of 2006, graduation was not going to come easily. We were the class of firsts, and it all started Freshman year. During that year we all first experienced sleep deprivation. We were not used to staying up ripe and then having to get up early. Then along came our Sophomore year. Our second year at Conolon introduced us to the wonderful world of rubrics. We we... ...onight is our night to shine and likewise our time to set new goals. After we leave tonights ceremony a new life for us begins. It go forth be time for us to pass on to bigger things and it will be our time to overcome more obstacles. We will move on to college, work, starting new careers and starting families. I have faith in each and everyone of you that you will make your dreams become reality. Just remember that if you stay focused on what you want, do what you want and be who you are, your accomplishments will be endless. All of the obstacles that we have encountered and come face to face with during our high school journey, just proved how determined we were to reach our goal of graduation. To add to the long list of firsts I would like to be one of the first people to wish Conolons first class of the new millennium congratulations. Congratulations class of 2006

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Someone very special in my life once told me, Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off of your goals. Upon debut high school four days ago, the majority of us had one goal and only one goal in mind, graduation. Many of us thrust heard people say that high school is the best time of our lives, so we better enjoy it. With that in mind, we thought that the next four years were going to be a breeze and before we knew it we would be out of here. Well, that is when reality hit us ... Way back in the first few days of September in 1997, we all took our first steps onto the big campus of Conolon High School. For around of us it was exciting and exhilarating, for others it was scary and nerve wracking or hitherto a little or very intimidating. Whatever the rush of emotions that came over us may have been, it was just the beginning. As lowly little Freshman, we had to right to high school life. Going from middle school to high school was a big transition w hether we wanted to admit it or not. Some of us thought that the change would be easier if we got involved, so many joined athletics, leadership or a club or two and then there were some that decided to just focus on their studies. Whichever path we decided to choose, we still had the same goal, to just fit in with everyone and start our long journey towards graduation. For our clique, the differentiate of 2006, graduation was not going to come easily. We were the class of firsts, and it all started Freshman year. During that year we all first experienced sleep deprivation. We were not used to staying up late and then having to get up early. Then along came our Sophomore year. Our second year at Conolon introduced us to the wonderful world of rubrics. We we... ...onight is our night to radiance and also our time to set new goals. After we leave tonights ceremony a new life for us begins. It will be time for us to move on to bigger things and it will be our time to overcome more obstacles. We will move on to college, work, starting new careers and starting families. I have faith in each and everyone of you that you will make your dreams become reality. Just remember that if you stay focused on what you want, do what you want and be who you are, your accomplishments will be endless. All of the obstacles that we have encountered and come face to face with during our high school journey, just proved how determined we were to reach our goal of graduation. To tot to the long list of firsts I would like to be one of the first people to wish Conolons first class of the new millennium congratulations. Congratulations class of 2006

Criminal Thinking Patterns Essay

Loyalty can be defined by anyone but theres only one definition of inscription. Googles definition of trustyty is the quality of cosmos loyal to someone or something. The second definition for loyalty is a strong feeling of support or allegiance fights with in-laws driving force divided loyalties. My definition of loyalty relates to the first definition however, it consists of more than just that. Loyalty means respect and competence pertaining to a certain degree of boldness and allegiance to an organization or soulfulnessal lifestyles one might be involved in.Emotions and stereotypical thoughts have a major role in the looseness of the bowels called loyalty. Loyalty and emotions have similarities just because of the fact an mortal has to have some form of feeling towards a person or they will never be able to be loyal. What is the meaning of being loyal? Loyalty is defined by the person giving the meaning of its definition. Google definition of loyalty is true to a certain extent, but there is still something missing. The quality of being loyal should exist in everyone.Everyone or a particular breed has the quality of being loyal. Definitions seem to captivate everyones minds into believing the term or definition is true just because it has a reliable source. Sources are undoubtedly opinions from scholars opinions arouse from persons experience to inform people about such terms. If the term loyalty is true as it is supposed to be it might as well up be self-explanatory. Loyalty is a word that consists of trust, faith, allegiance, and love.Without those four terms loyalty doesnt exists. The quality of being loyal all depends on the people that whitethorn think of these terms. Imagine two couples that have undeniable trust for each other with stipulations which are to be loyal forever, one runs off to meet some other individual she might have attractions for, the other partner finds out about it so the partner feels the likes of she is not being loyal . The reason for that is because he feels like she is only upposed to be attracted to him, but she feels differently because she feels that she hasnt cheated on him.These are two couples with two different definitions pertaining to loyalty. Emotions and stereotypical thought has everything to do with loyalty. Emotions give an individual trust and fear which are needed so one can attain the ability to be loyal. Without trust for an individual, people will never be able to give their complete trust and loyalty especially when the individual wants the same respect.Stereotypical thoughts pertaining to the term loyalty will give an individual a lesser understanding of the term loyalty mainly because stereotypical people tend to have their take in opinions about everything which isnt wrong but it justifies the statement. Everyone has their own definition of loyalty. Furthermore, what is the meaning of loyalty which is one of the questions everyone tends to asked themselves? Loyalties are moreover something genuine and sacred people or an organization tends to have. Loyalty consists of trust, love, and respect. Everyone has the ability to be loyal as long as it has true meaning.

Farenheit 451 Reflection

Reflection 1 Cipriano Echavarria Farenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Pg. 72 You cant build a planetary house without nails and wood. If you dont want a house built, hide the nails and wood. If you dont want a man un euphoric politically, dont go on him two sides to a question to worry him give him one. Better yet, give him none. Let him forget on that point is such a thing as state of war. (72) Censorship has stroked the world for umteen decades fearful governments have been hiding information or modifying it to its citizens. Why? Why are governments afraid of the knowledge of their people?cognition is power, and throughout history weve seen how man is al managements in search for more knowledge, curious on finding explanations to unanswered questions and on analyzing both sides to a question. acquaintance of people has caused many problems to world governments, many revolutions and wars have started due to the fact that citizens have encountered a forward-looking form of forecasti ng. Fahrenheit 451 portrays a futuristic fiat in which the government has censored everything, from books to newspapers and from T.V shows to Radio shows. This society never experiments conflict or disagreement because everybody is taught the same things and therefore think the same way. This has made me think on which is actually the best way to rule a society. Is it the way most countries in the world implement, an uncensored and free-thinking way, were due to the assorted opinions and thoughts many conflicts are created which lead to death, torture and cruelty. Or is it the way shown in the book, were everybody is thought to think the same way.I arrived to a conclusion and basing myself on the Human Rights Declaration, people should be free on what information they want to know and on how they want to think, but they must be taught to respect differences, and to be tolerant in outrank to avoid conflict. Reflection 2 Cipriano Echavarria Farenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury Pg. 181 I r eally enjoyed myself and learned a lot while reading this book. Ive never want fiction or realistic-fiction books but Ive got to admit that this book will relieve oneself me think twice whenever Ill have to choose between a fiction and a non-fiction book.The author did a really god job on creating a Futuristic place were many things were associated to reality but had different roles. For example, firemen kinda of having to extinguish fire had to create fires which burned books. This makes you think about reality and ask yourself questions about how would society be if roles were inverted, if firemen instead of extinguishing fires created them, if policemen instead of providing security against thefts and murders would attack you, if drugs were legal etc.The book not only provided an interesting perspective on how would a society be if everyone thought the same way but it also gave many lectures about love and friendship. It showed how Montag (main character) didnt love his wife a nd that even though he pretended and tried to be happy with her and tried to love her wasnt able to do it. This made me think about the importance of love, and of never trying to trick your feelings on trying to make them love a person who you really dont, it also made me think (as harsh as it could sound) if I really loved my girlfriend or if she was just a person who physically and mentally attracted me.Finally the author did a great job in writing many quotes that relates to everyday situations, one of the quotes that I most liked and related to was We cannot tell the precise moment when friendship is formed. As in filling a vessel drop by drop, there is at last a drop which makes it run over so in a series of kindnesses there is at least one which makes the vegetable marrow run over. The author used this quote to explain Montags feelings towards a girl named Clarisse, which after a short time beingness friends Montag started to love.This quote extremely relates to a situation I experienced in the past, my best friend and I let our hearts run over and after many years of being friends we fell in love. Fahrenheit has been probably the book from which Ive most learned about and the one with I could relate the most its my new favorite book. Its curious how things in life just arrive in the perfect moment. A week ago I was in the UN perplex of Barranquilla discussing Extrajudicial Executions and censorship done by the government coincidentally Fahrenheit 451 is based on different types of Extrajudicial Executions and censorship done by the government.

Holocaust Awareness…Contemporary Lessons Essay

Few events in recent history have had as dramatic an impact on history as the fortune murder of Jews in concentration camps during World state of war II, the Holocaust. The Holocaust appears to be a wellhead documented event (Hilberg, 1992), yet today at that place are those who feel it is just a myth. When he discovered the concentration camps, General and future professorship Dwight David Eisenhower knew that a future day would come when people would take aim that the Holocaust never happened, so he took great pains to document and record the events on film so that the land would never forget.Even so, his efforts did not eliminate what he knew would happen. In spite of evidence to the contrary, today, there are many who claim that the Holocaust did not occur and that there is no evidence that it did. Yet the evidence suggests that is did happen and similar events such as the murder of more than 2 million people by the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia plus mass murders ethnic intolera nce in Iraq, the Sudan, Rwanda and Yugoslavia continue to take place even now. During the proterozoic hours of September 1, 1939, Adolph Hitler invaded Poland bringing about the Second World War.Historic totallyy, this war began because of Hitlers contempt regarding the way Germans were treated at the end of the First World War and other related issues. At the clipping World War II began, there was a world wide depression that helped bring Hitler rose to superpower in Germany and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to power in the U. S. It is generally viewed that Hitler used the issue of Jewish economic domination in Germany both to push for war and as an excuse for the economic woes of Germany.(Bartov, 2000 Friedman, 1993). Ultimately, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germanys economic problems and to begin exterminating them in concentration campsmass genocide. (Gigliotti and Lang, 2005) on a scale that surpassed anything that had ever happened up to that time within so short a time span. Does engraining memories of past atrocities into the public psyche eliminate future atrocities? Political campaigns demonstrate that by slinging blow candidates provide name recognition for their opponent(s).In a similar vain, perhaps remembering the events of the Holocaust and similar events throughout history (and unfortunately, still occurring around the world today) go away only drive home the detail that those events exist and are continuing. Do we really want to do that? We could be reinforcing the Holocaust in the minds of individuals who energy not otherwise be aware that any such thing has ever happened or ever will. We have every reason to believe that Hitler knew of the mass extermination of the millions of Jews but ironically, there is no documented evidence in writing to confirm this idea.(Irving, 1977) Most German citizens during WWII also claimed ignorance of the Jewish extermination in progress at the time. How could such a widespread extermination and mas s murder have gone unnoticed and Where are the documents to show that Hitler was aware of it? Today, near seventy years after the beginning of WWII and Jewish extermination, the question is still asked, Did Hitler even know about the Jewish extermination process underway? The fact that anyone even asks this question is, perhaps, the greatest evidence that we need to teach that it is a real part of compassionate history. While it seems irrational to assume that Hitler actually had no knowledge of what was going on, it appears to be equally true that few if any documents exist to demonstrate his knowledge of what was going on (Irving, 1977) even though there certainly appears to be a great deal of documentation about the war and the Holocaust (Wolfe, 1990). We can only wonder why these contradictory situations exist.In his 1977 book Hitlers War, one noted British historian, David Irving, outlines why he feels that stories of the mass killings of European Jews in Death Camps are mer ely British and American inventions, war-time propaganda perpetrated by the Allies. Irving presents several lines of argument to support his claims. For example, he points out that there is no archival evidence anywhere for the gassings, no wartime German documents that refer to the gassings of human beings and there is no clear evidence as to who gave the orders to gas people.He also claims that forensic tests of the laboratories, crematoria, gas chambers and Auschwitz fail to find any indication or significant residue of a cyanide compound. Irving dismisses eye get word accounts on the grounds that there are equal numbers of eye witness accounts of the gas chambers in Dachau even though there werent any gas chambers in Dachau and he believes that photographs documenting the Holocaust have been misrepresented. wherefore is it so vital that we remember the Holocaust?Arguments can be made both for and against that stance, but certainly, the history of the Holocaust should not be s lighted or overlooked. The perennial efforts to try to wipe the memory of the Holocaust out of the human psyche as if it never occurred may be one of the strongest points in favor or remembering it. The intended purpose of engraining events from the Holocaust into the mind of todays generation is to allow them to learn the lessons of horror from the past and avoid themso that we wont repeat them.Whether this is true or not, we more or less taking comfort in the belief, right or wrong, that if people see the horrors of those events, they will make every effort to avoid them, balk them and take precautions against repeating them whenever they see the signs in the future. Perhaps the way to combat future human atrocities is to centering on the opposite rather than to memorialize them. What lessons can we learn from the Holocaust? First, the Holocaust demonstrates how large groups and numbers of people, even on the scale of nations, can subtly be influenced into groupthink (i.e. , wh ere groups of people think and behave alike because others are thinking and behaving the same way) (Janis, 1972) and manipulated by a very few influential individuals. Second, the Holocaust demonstrates that all too often, man treats his fellow man inhumanely. How do we avoid this in the future? I fear that there is no global answer. Whenever such a situation begins in the future, only then can we address the issue. Another lesson we can learn is that anyone can be the victim, so everyone should pull in and acknowledge it whenever it happens.When we recognize it, we must act together to stop it, and that, unfortunately, is much easier said then done. Perhaps there is no satisfactory solution to preventing future atrocities like the Holocaust. In he end, perhaps all be can do is to try to recognize such events when we see them approaching and then to do everything we can to prevent them.ReferencesBartov, Omar. The Holocaust. Origin, Implementation, Aftermath. New York, NY Routledge , 2000. Friedman, Saul S. Holocaust Literature. A Handbook of Critical, Historical and Literary Writing. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1993.Gigliotti, Simone and Berel Lang. The Holocaust. A Reader. Oxford Blackwell Publishing, 2005. Hilberg, Raul. Perpetrators Victims Bystanders. The Jewish Catastrophe 1933-1945. New York, NY Aaron Asher Books, 1992. Irving, David. Hitlers War. New York, NY Viking Press, 1977. Janis, Irving L. Victims of Groupthink. capital of Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972. Levi, Neil and Michael Rothberg. The Holocaust. Theoretical Readings. New Brunswick. NJ Rutgers University Press, 2003. Wolfe, Robert. Holocaust. The Documentary Evidence. Washington, DC National Archives and Records Administration, 1990.

Management Concepts Temasek Holdings Essay

1.0 IntroductionTemasek Holdings is a large investment compevery based in Singapore. It is an active participator in the investment game, holding shares and investments in a broad range of industries all over the world. As with many companies all over the world, Temasek Holdings was affected strongly by the Global Financial Crisis, losing more than than 30 per cent of the value of their portfolio (Schmermerhorn, J. Davidson, P. Poole, D. Simon, A. Woods, P & Chau, S.L. 2011). Temaseks CEO Ho Ching has been criticised for the investment losses that occurred during the economic crisis, and essential now lead the company through the change magnitude turbulence that has been presented to them.In doing so, a potential issue that Temasek Holdings is currently facing is one of attractors. If correct management processes regarding lead are not applied, the company could plaque even worse consequences. To ensure that leadership does not become an issue, Ho Ching must apply effectual l eadership techniques to Temasek Holdings. This report leave alone investigate diverse leadership options, determining an adequate attack to leadership that will assist this company in world successful in the future. Two leadership models will be assessed in-depth. It is expected that both will assist the company in continuing in the long-term, moreover one option will be more fontable and undecomposed to Temasek Holdings.2.0 Literature Themes or ArgumentsAs Temaseks CEO has recently come under fire for her stability in leadership, it is apparent that a change must be made in the way the company is managed if they are to successfully remain with the same CEO. Leadership is fundamental in fixity circumstances, but it is even more essential to the business through periods of instability, reservation it vitally important to the livelihood of the company to apply appropriate management procedures. It is impractical for a set of specific characteristics to define whether or not someone is a good leader, however some certain soulfulnessal traits have been identify as being common among successful leaders drive, self-confidence, creativity, cognitive ability, business knowledge, motivation, flexibility, honesty and integrity. (Schmermerhorn, J. Et al. 2011). Vision and power are also vital to good leadership however all of these things are not achieved in the same way.Many different behavioural theories have been produced in an attempt to define good leadership styles. A widely mappingd model of management is Fred Fiedlers contingency model. Fiedlers theory looks at matching various types of wad to various situations, passably of an either/or concept. It is based on the fact that someones style of leadership is personality-based, thus making it difficult to change. Rather, the Fiedler model suggests putting people of specific leadership styles with situations that match that style, rather than trying to change their personal leadership style, to achieve success (Wang, Victor C X Berger, Jim 2010, pg. 6).Fiedler classifies people into deuce leadership styles dealing-orientated and task-orientated. Relations-orientated people are defined as a person who is motivated to seek prominence in interpersonal relations, who is concerned with good relations with others, who is considerate in his interaction with group members, and who tends to reduce anxiety and increase the personal adjustment of his co- produceers, (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 34) whereas a task-orientated person is characterised to be someone who rejects those with whom he cannot give, and obtains postulate gratification and self-esteem from performance of the task. He is, therefore, concerned with performing the task and he is willing to relegate interpersonal relations to a secondary ready (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 35)Exhibit I (Hill, Walter. 1969, pg. 36) above shows how relations-oriented and task-oriented people are determined, through leader-member relationships, lead er position power and task structure. It does this by determining how rise up a person interacts with people (relations) and how dedicated they are to tasks. According to Hill (1969), this model is effective and win tests done corroborate with Fiedlers findings, making it an true model. Hill noteworthy that there are so many variables that sometimes it is difficult to calculate the exact leadership style that is appropriate for someone however it is useful as it helps to assign leaders to specific tasks and delegate how efficient leadership should be achieved. In regards to Temasek, it should be established what type of leader Ching is, and the company would need to work with that before any leadership goals should be established.Another common model is the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory (SLT). It is widely used in the business sector and was authentic by Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard. This model is based upon leaders adjusting their styles based on the due date of their followers, which is indicated by the readiness (how able and willing or confident) of followers (Schmermerhorn, J. Et al. 2011). When maturity (psychologically and performance-wise) is reached, it means a reduction in support and guidance can occur, instilling a positive indication of trust and confidence. A manager must look at employees and evaluate how best to perform a certain task in a certain situation, and when the situation changes, the leadership style previously used may not be as successful in the new situation (Hambleton, Ronald K Gumpert, Ray. 1982, pg 227).Again, leadership styles are defined as relationship-orientated and task-orientated, however in this model leadership styles are classified into four groups delegating, participating, selling and telling. This model is beneficial to companies as it has various different types of stages based on pass along of the classification of relations-orientated and task-orientated leadership (Figure 1). It breaks down the two types further, into the four types above, thus making it easier to classify. Again, however, variables come into play, and it can be seen from various research that the SLT model does have its limitations. Goodson (1989) states that when further studies have been conducted on this model, the main classifier of groups (maturity or competence) makes almost no difference to the leadership style of a person (Goodson, Jane R McGee, Gail W Cashman, pile F. 1989, pg. 446).Also, Goodson established that in these tests no actual measure of maturity and/or readiness was really possible when conducting research on the SLT model, making it difficult to dictate for certain whether the model can be effective. Furthermore, Blank (1990) makes further reference to the fact that there is little to no research supporting this model in his studies, saying that both basing the research on the main factor (maturity) as well as more complex methods, little support was found to corrob orate with the main theorems of the model (Blank, Warren Weitzel, John R Green, Stephen G. 1990, pg. 579). false3.0 RecommendationsIn the case of Temasek Holdings, it can be said that adopting a new leadership approach will be entirely beneficial for the company. No information is given as to what current leadership styles are used, but the amount of criticism being received currently illustrates that a change is needed. Of the two leadership theories discussed, it can be said that both have negative and positive points, as with any business directive.Fiedlers model uses three determining factors leader-member relationships, leader position power and task structure, to determine how a leadership style will work effectively. This is essentially beneficial to a business as it allows more than one factor to determine a leadership style, giving a more accurate description of what leadership style will fit a situation. This model was also corroborated with research conducted by Hill (196 9) who conducted a study that demonstrated that Fiedlers was almost always effective in the workplace. However, there were limitations in regards to variables. As every person is so different personality-wise there is a large minute of variables, not all of which can be reasond. Because of this, some variables may be missed or excluded, but overall the final result does not change, making the model very effective.The second theory, Hersey-Blanchards SLT, uses maturity as the basis of calculating how a leadership style will be effective. This could be effective to some extent, however both Goodson (1989) and Blank (1990) argue that just one determining factor is not enough to warrant an effective model. The model is beneficial as it breaks down leadership styles into four obvious categories the problem is determining which personality fits into these categories. No clear measure of maturity is possible, making it difficult to categorise leadership styles. Goodson (1989) also states that maturity and competence has no real effect on leadership styles.Looking at these results, it can be recommended that for Temasek Holdings to continue direct at a high level, the Fiedler model of contingency should be used as a model for assigning leadership tasks. Giving every leader in a business tasks based on their personality is advantageous as it means instead of the person working with something they are not specifically styled for, they are able to be fit with tasks that suit them. Overall, this will make a significant change both in employee satisfaction (workers are doing jobs that suit their personality style, thus making them more content) as well as production, as the leadership style they are assigned will work well for them. Models by Hill (1969) are further evidence that this model does indeed work, and that it can bring positive effects to Temasek in the future.If Temasek Holdings chooses to operate within this leadership model, criticism for the way the busin ess is run will be lessened. Both in the short and long term this form of leadership will be beneficial to the company, affecting both large positions (for example, the CEO Ho Ching) as well as smaller managers within the company. The research shows that this is the best model for Temasek to use to bring it the most success in the future.

Informal Speech Outline

First composition in Space Topic Yuri Gagarin ecumenic Purpose To inform Specific Purpose To inform my audience ab turn up first man who escaped Earths gravity and appeared in place. dissertation Gagarin was to be the very first man world in seat. Introduction Attention Getter What would you think if I ask who was the first man in space? First idea is Neil Armstrong? Isnt it? But what if I say that there was cosmonaut from Soviet Union who traveled in space one twelvemonth earlier? Significance of Topic Sounds not familiar?Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin made history on April 12, 1961 when he became both the first person in the world to enter space and the first person to orbit the Earth. Establishment of Ethos Since childhood, this man was a pigboat of mine thats why I obstinate to investigate his biography more detailed. Thesis Gagarin was to be the very first man being in space. Preview Statement So today we pass on go on tour to the spacecraft and take a look at Yuri Gagari ns life background, his road in becoming a cosmonaut, and the past flight itself. (Transition So lets start our trip by finding out Yuri Gagarins life background. Body I. According to article intent and Death of Yuri Gagarin published in Engineering and Technology magazine on April 2011, Yuri Gagarin was born in March 9, 1934 in a small village westernmost of Moscow in Russia (then write outn as the Soviet Union). Yuri was the third of four children and spent his childhood on a collective farm where his father, Alexey Gagarin, worked as a carpenter and bricklayer and his mother, Anna Gagarina, worked as a milkmaid. A. Like millions of people in the Soviet Union, the Gagarin family suffered during Nazi occupation in World War II. After a German officer took over their ouse, the family constructed a small mud hut where they spent a year and nine months until the end of the occupation. 1. Life was difficult during the war and the Gagarins were kicked out of their home and moved to another city. B. When Yuri was fifteen he entered a vocational trail and learned to be a metalworker. 1. In two historic period as the best student he was sent to continue his study to Saratov high technical school. a. While studying there, he joined the Aero Club where he apt to fly an aircraft. b. This hobby predetermined his future charge Gagarin decided to devote his life to aviation.C. In 1955 he enrolled into the Russian Air Force and two years afterwards graduated with honors from the Soviet Air Force Academy. 1. However, while Gagarin enjoyed being a fighter pilot, what he really wanted to do was to go to space. a. Since he had been following the Soviet Unions progress in space flight, he was confident that soon they would be sending a man into space. b. He wanted to be that man. (Transition Now that we know life background of Yuri Gagarin, lets move to a how Yuri became a cosmonaut. ) II. His desire was so strong that in 1960 he applied to be a cosmonaut. A.According to F irst man in space published in About. com on May 5,2010, Yuri Gagarin was just one of 3,000 applicants to be the first Soviet cosmonaut. 1. Out of this larger amount of applicants, just 20 were chosen and Gagarin was one of the 20. B. During the extensive physical and psychological testing required of the chosen cosmonaut trainees, Gagarin excelled at the tests while maintaining a calm behavior as well as his sense of humor and readiness to the upcoming flight. 1. Later, Gagarin would be chosen to be the first man into space because of these skills. (Transition Now lets take a look at the historic flight itself) III.So on April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin boarded Vostok 1 (the name of the spaceship) at the Baikonur Cosmodrome located in Kazakhstan. A. Although he was in full trained for the mission, but no one knew if it was going to be a success or a failure. Gagarin was to be the very first human being in space, truly going where no man had gone before. B. Gagarin was rocketed into s pace, using an automated system. 1. Gagarin was not given the control to the spacecraft during his mission because scientists were worried closely the psychological effects of being in space it wasnt discovered by that time. C.After entering space, Gagarin completed a single orbit around Earth. The spaceships top speed reached 17,600 miles per hour. At the end of the orbit, spaceship reentered the Earths atmosphere. 1. Gagarin was in space exactly 108 minutes circled the entire globe. 2. Right before he landed, a farmer and her daughter spotted Gagarin floating down with his parachute. a. Once on the ground, Gagarin, dressed in an orange spacesuit and wearing a large white helmet, Gagarin fright two women and it took him a few minutes to convince them that he is a human, not an alien and to direct him to the nearest phone.D. For this accomplishment Gagarin was awarded medal and title hero of Soviet Union. 1. Yuri Gagarins successful flight into space paved the way for all future s pace exploration. Conclusion Summary Statement So, now you know a life background of Yuri Gagarin, his road in becoming a cosmonaut and his historic flight. References Bizony, Piers, (April, 2011). Life and Death of Yuri Gagarin. Engineering & Technology. 31 (2), pp. 35-37 Rosenberg, Jennifer (May 5, 2010). The First Man in Space. Available at http//history1900s. about. com/od/1960s/a/yurigagarin. htm. Last Accessed March 15, 2013.

Democracy in the USA Essay

Text of the US Constitution does non contain the word democracy. The U.S. Constitution was non a perfect document. Originally it contained provisions that are can be recognized as ambiguous. The US Founding Fathers did not create democracy in the modern sense of the word, but the republic. They did not fully trust the wisdom of the the Statesn people and their ability to make sound decisions. For many years America was considered to be an ideal democratic untaught, however in recent years the situation has drastically changed. Among the most important challenges facing America today is the maturation social inequality, discrimination on racial, ethnic or religious grounds, practice of indefinite grip of prisoners without charges, judicial bias, operating outside the law in prison, utilisation of torture, the impact of government agencies on the trials, weak penitentiary system, infringement of freedom of speech, Internet censorship, legalized corruption, limiting of citizens vo ting rights, acts of intolerance groundingd on race and ethnicity, the usurpation of the rights of children, extraterritorial application of the U.S. law, leading to gracious rights violations in other countries, kidnapping, tracking dissidents, disproportionate use of force against peaceful demonstrators, application of the death penalty to minors and the mentally ill, etc.At the same time, the international legal obligations of the United States, continues to be reduced to participation in just three of the nine heart and soul human rights treaties, providing control mechanisms. The USA has not yet ratified the exotic Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, the Convention on the Elimination of either Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1979, Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families, 1990, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Di sabilities, 2006 and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, 2006. At the same time, Americans continue to wrongfully position themselves as an absolute authority and unquestioned attracter in the field of democracy and human rights. They are engaged in mentoring, trying to teach others how to build their democracy and ensure human rights. Often they do this roughly, ignoring the raw material international law principle of state sovereignty.Often their attempts to take care of human rights in other countries is bordering on outright interference in the inborn affairs. At the same time, in the USA the situation with human rights dust very complicated. Fundamental political rights of Americans in todays society, are not only exempt from the archaic elements, but they become even more vulnerable. Elections cause the most serious complaints. The U.S. president is still not elected by direct popular election, and by the Electoral Co llege. Many rightly believe this system obsolete and undemocratic. With it, in particular, the voice of a resident of Delaware or northeasterly Dakota has mathematically much more weight than the voice of the voters in the larger states, such as California or unused York. With this system, three times in the history of the U.S. the candidate with fewer votes than his opponent was elected the President (George W. Bush in 2000).And Gerald Ford has never been elected. At first, he was co-opted by the Republican field Committee instead of thieving Vice President Spiro Agnew, and then automatically took place of Richard Nixon who departed from his position because of the Watergate scandal. In general, the U.S. political system is based on the absolute monopoly of the two political parties which is far enough from the European-style multi-party democracy. More than 5.8 million Americans (2.5% of all potential voters) are deprived of voting rights because of a criminal record. This pit h that in general every 40th American citizen has no right to vote, among them every 13th African American (7.7% of total), and in some states, such as Kentucky, Virginia and Florida, more than 20 % of black Americans are deprived of voting rights. jibe to the Census Bureau, of the 75 million eligible citizens who did not use this right in the presidential election in 2008, 60 million were not able to do so due to lack of registration, which is associated with many cumbersome procedures. Currently only the states of Missouri, South Dakota and New Mexico, as well as the District of Columbia have laws that allow the access of international observers during the elections. In other regions, the issue of the activities of unconnected observers is in the competence of local authorities.The implicit control over the population is being enhanced. The current U.S. law, in effect, allows the intelligence community to carry out a total censorship of all electronic communications of foreign an d U.S. citizens without a warrant. It also requires telecommunications companies to assist the Government in gathering intelligence about foreign objects and to keep the information gathered in inscrutable. Currently under consideration in Congress, the Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act CISPA, according to human rights activists, a lot does not limit the possibility of the U.S. government to monitor web browsing of individuals.Freedom of speech is being limited. For attacks on journalists covering the action of the Occupy surround Street movement, NGO Reporters without Borders in January 2012 lowered its rating of the U.S. in its annual global press freedom index for 27 items at once and nonplus the U.S. on the 47th position (57th with the territories in which upper-case letter exercise extraterritorial jurisdiction). According to an investigation of the Coalition of Independent Lawyers (Protest and Assembly Rights Project), only in New York from September 2011 to July 2012 at least 18 accredited reporters have been arrested. The site WikiLeaks was the subject of persecution by the U.S. administration in retaliation for the publication of the diplomatic dispatches. According to the latest Google report on the availability of services of the company, during the period from July to December 2011, the amount of requests for removal of content received by it from the U.S. government has increased by 103% compared to the previous reporting period. U.S. law enforcement agencies requested removal from YouTube video sharing hosting of 1.4 gramme videos that contain insults. 6.3 thousand queries required disclosure data of more than 12.2 thousand users of this company. 93% of these requirements were met.Quite specific topic is absolutely abhorrent practice of extrajudicial killings abroad. As part of the war on terror in Washington highly specific approaches have been developed, the application of which caused not only massive violation of many inter national legal norms, but also killing thousands of absolved people. Crimes against humanity committed by U.S. soldiers abroad often do not receive proper legal assessment of the national judicial system. Illegal abduction and detention of people remain in the arsenal of U.S. intelligence. In September 2006, President Bush acknowledged the existence of secret CIA prisons. As it became known later, in 2002-2003. secret services built about ten such detention facilities, including in foreign countries Afghanistan, Iraq, Thailand, Morocco, Djibouti, Romania, Lithuania and Poland. In January 2012, a special prison at the naval base at Guantanamo Bay (Cuba) celebrated its 10th anniversary. U.S. President Barack Obama, despite his campaign promise, failed to close it because of counteraction of Congress.The practice of torture condemned by most countries of the world remains legalized in the United States. April 6, 2009 the Department of Justice published four memorandums, prepared in 2 002-2005 by the lawyers of this agency. They thoroughly substantiated the legality of application of harsh interrogation techniques to prisoners of CIA prisons in terms of U.S. and international law. Along with other human rights violations in the United States numerous cases of police brutality have been recorded. Human rights activists note that the level of knowledgeable crimes among American police is much higher than among the U.S. population as a whole. Mass practice in the United States have become systematic violations of human rights in detention. Business, which uses the prisoners labor flourishes in the USA. angiotensin converting enzyme in 10 prisoners in this country is contained in a commercial prison. The other fact demonstrating the low level of democracy in the USA are as follows 1. In 33 U.S. states the death penalty is still permitted and applied 2. Hundreds of thousands of children in the U.S. are abused which results in some cases (in 2010 1.6 thousand) to a l ethal outcome 3. In the U.S., social and economic rights are seriously disrupted. In the country there are 12.8 million unemployed, 40 million people do not have health insurance, 14.5% of families are experiencing food shortages4. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the USA has one of the highest levels of income inequality 5. One of the most rightless segments of the population of America are migrants, who make up at least half of all those employed in the agricultural sector of the country This brief review shows that the issue of human rights, facing all of humanity, is acutely relevant for the modern United States. All claims of the United States to be the moral leader in this area require a lot of preliminary work to clear own American Augean stables.Works CitedSpecial Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, heavyset or Arbitrary Executions, Studyon Targeted Killings, Human Rights Council, 9-11, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/14/24/Add.6 (May 28, 2010).

The First Modern War

Samuel Santiuste Ms. Engelken US news report I Honors May 13, 2011 The First Modern fightfare While reading history, we typic whollyy see that wars were typically fought with soldiers in close- order formations with a musket that would be fired in unison on command. Everything changed after the American polite contend, a conflict to determine the fate of slaves in the Union, erupted. Today many historians consider the elegant War as the first modern war because it depended on heavy industry, fast communication and transportation.But this clock time all of these new technologies were used to its full potential. As a result new heavy weapon applied science was mass produced which inflicted heavy losses on both the Union and the Confederate sides and resulted in improved battlefield medicine. Years before the cultured War, soldiers would unremarkably carry muskets that had a fire range of around 250 yards. But although this weapon had an amazing range, the musket and held a nd fired single green goddess at a time and it hit random targets.The accuracy of the musket was from about 80 yards and this caused many of the battles to be fought at a close range. Then, in 1848 the French officer named Claude-Etienne Minie took the design of a bullet that expanded upon fired and simplified and improved on earlier designsincluding those certain by Britains Captain John Norton (1818) and William Greener (1836) to make the bullet that bears its name the Minie fruitcake (Minie Ball). This new bullet combined with the rifle made a terrific duo because the range of the weapon was from 200-250 yards with a terrific accuracy.To show the bullets power alone, during the Crimean War of 1853-56 the bullet so improved the effectiveness of infantry troops that 150 soldiers using the Minie crackpot could equal the firing power of much than 500 with a traditional musket and ammunition (Minie Ball). When this weapon was introduced to the Civil War, the old model of warfare became obsolete right away because the infantry along with the sawhorse could not charge against the enemy as they used to.Other weapons that came into action in the Civil War were not as deadly as the Minie ball but had a big impact on surviving. Despite the fact that the Minie ball was easy to load, soldiers still had to pause in the middle of the action to charge their guns, and this made them easy targets. By 1863, there was a new weapon that solved this problem called repeating rifle because it could fired more than one bullet before the needing of a reload. The most famous type was the Spencer carbine.But like many other technology, this weapon was only available to the Northerners. Many Southerners thought that this weapon was unfair and one Union soldier once wrote they say we are not fair, that we get to guns that we load up on Sunday and shoot all the rest of the week (Civil War Technology). At the end of the war, the statistics showed that the Minie ball combined with the rifle did the most damage because with more than 200,000 soldiers killed and more than 400,000 wounded, 90 percent of these causalities were caused by these weapons (Minie Ball).On the same year that the Civil War started, President Lincoln ordered a blockade on the Confederates to stop their cotton trade and burst out the confederacy. So to counter attack the Union, many advances in naval warfare were flourishing which led to the built of the H. L. Hunley, which was the first ever effective submarine developed by the Confederates. This Confederate submarine was created to put down the Union blockade wooden ships with the use of torpedoes that were attached along a long steak that exploded upon contact or by a timer.But before the submarine was ready to attack, it sank three times and on the fourth tried it was sent out to attack the U. S. S. Housatonic, and detonated its torpedo, drop the Housatonic and thereby becoming the first submarine to ever sink an enemy vessel (Dutc h). Despite the best efforts the submarine sank with the blast. Another incredible invention that changed the constitution of warfare in the seas was when the ironclad warships came into action. This time both sides had their own version of the ironclad which was powered by a steam engine Union had the U. S. S. monitor and the Confederates the C.S. S. Virginia or Merrimack. Once again the Confederates tried to destroy the Union ships using an ironclad built upon the charred remains of a burnt wooden warship, clad in all in iron plating down to the waterline and bristling with cannons (White). This warship just went straight for the blockade in Virginia, and although it was hit by explosives and other heavy munition the damage was minimal. And this is just a brief view of what might the battle would have been like by Professor J Rickard with the Virginia On 8 evidence 1862 she steamed out of Norfolk to attack the Union blockading fleet.Her ten guns were opposed to 219 Union guns on five ships, but the Union ships didnt stand a chance. First to go was the U. S. S. Cumberland (24 guns), rammed and sunk. The only serious damage inflicted to the Virginia was that her ram broke off and remained stuck in the Cumberland. All of this meant that the Union needed reinforcement, so they sent the manage to save the day. These ships battled for several hours as their shells and shot bounced off each others thick armor plating and the match might have ended in a tie as there were no records telling who won (White).As the iron-clad demonstrated their power, the old wooden ships became obsolete. Even though there was fascinating technology being used in the Civil War, the only two weapons that President Lincoln that used the most were the train and the telegraph. Although the railroads were still a new image because they were not used much for military purposes, they were still used to attack the enemy and replenish troops. The Union owned about 21,000 miles of railroad tracks while the Confederates only owned about 9,000 miles.Since the beginning of the war both sides used trains to transport ammunition and soldiers to the front lines faster than ever before. Because the trains played a very strategic role in the war, the enemy used rail twisters and devices to blow up railroad bridges and other infrastructure and even some troops specialized in destroying railroad equipment as their sole-role in the war (AE Aeragon) . Most of the time trains were used for transportation, but on special occasions they were used as rams.sometimes troops would send trains at full speed to damage an enemy train or railroad facilities, or to attack troops and even to destroy bridges (Koenig). This experienced Confederates soldiers when they saw a train on flames aiming straight for them. Now, the telegraph was located along the railroad tracks and this meant that the North had the upper hand because they have the most railroad miles. The telegraph helped President Lincoln from the White House to monitor battlefield reports, lead real-time strategy meetings and deliver orders to his men (Civil War Technology).This turn out to be a great advantage for the North because they still required the technology and industry to carry out communication tasks. And by 1862 the U. S. Military Telegraph Corps trained 1,200 operators, strung 4,000 miles telegraph wire and had sent more than 1,000,000 messages back and for (Koenig). This alone can tell that during this war that the hot seat was actually involved more than in past wars. Throughout the entire Civil War, diseases were killing more people than weapons because people had little knowledge about the silent killers called germs.Since the beginning of the Civil War in the spring of 1861 medical checkuply, the United States was woefully prepared and scientists, meanwhile, had yet to come up with the theory that germs cause diseases (Sohn). This meant that doctors did not know that they should always w ash their instruments before operating and the hospital hygiene was very poor which led to disease breakouts. But problems led to many medical advances such as the protocol to treat the injuries.This system was created by Jonathan Letterman, a Union surgeon, who created a well-organized system of care that began with triage close to the source of harm and was followed by rapid transportation to a series of clinics, hospitals and specialists (Sohn). This medical protocol is still essential today. While there medical advancements, many improvements on neurology came about. Physicians began the ask of phantom limbs, the perception of a missing arm or leg as present and painful (White). The American physician S. Weir Mitchell discovered phenomenon such as the shell shock and posttraumatic stress syndrome.One of the ways that physicians noticed these problems were when soldiers would freeze or started to shake wildly and many thought it was because that person was a coward. So Mitchell and his colleague, Jacob da Costa, came into a conclusion which was that the soldiers were suffering from mental problems, stress and heart diseases (White). To treat these problems, they said it was necessary the removal and rest from the source causing the stress. The Civil War, an event that could have or could have not being avoided, shaped the future of the entire world. The war had a great impact on anything that ranged from weapons to medicine.It in addition leaded to the creation of new technology such as the telephone and the improvement on the medical field. Although the war brought many innovations to the United Sates, it is still the bloodiest one in the American history because people from the same nation were being killed and it is similar to what the British Novelists Agatha Christie said about war One is left with the stately feeling now that war settles nothing that to win a war is as disastrous as to lose one. Works Cited Civil War Technology. 2011. The History Channel website. Apr. 27 2011, 1104 .Dutch, Steven. The First Modern War and the Last Ancient War. University of Wisconsin Green Bay. N. p. , 02 Jun 2010. Web. 27 Apr 2011. . Koenig, Alan R. Railroads Critical Role in the Civil War. Americas Civil War 1996 n. pag. Web. 27 Apr 2011. . Minie Ball. 2011. The History Channel website. Apr. 27 2011, 1103 . Rickard, J (1 May 2006), American Civil War The Blockade and the War at Sea, . Sohn, Emily. How the Civil War Changed Modern Medicine. Discovery News. N. p. , 08 Apr. 2011. Web. 27 Apr 2011. . Stevens, Anthony. Roots of War and Terror. New York Cromwell Press Ltd, 2044. 212. eBook. The US Civil War, the First Modern War. AE Aeragon. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Apr 2011. . White, David. Born in the USA A New World of War. History Today 60. 6 (2010) 12. Points of View Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 27 Apr. 2011.

A reflection on the book `Krik?Krak`

1. What is the significance of create verbally in CHILDREN OF THE SEA?This is where the narrator recollects about her past. Writing the Children of the ocean was deemed significant for the flow of the book because all the rest of the story were just products of the memories or records of the life of the theatrical role as she was on board a ship to Miami. It was a contrast of life and death as the main character writes about her life while a girl of fifteen gives birth to a baby and the baby eventually dies.2. In NINETEEN THIRTY-SEVEN, why do the women travel to the river so much?A quote from the book says The River was the place where it had all begun (41) answers the seekingion on why women travel so often to the rivers. They go to the river to escape the horrors of their own land. To escape death and seizure her mother swam the river that crosses between the Dominican Republic and her native country, the Haiti. Her grandmother on the other hand, being too weak to swim was cau ght and killed in Haiti.3. Explain the significance of the list at the sugar mill in THE WALL OF FIRE RISING. why doesnt the mother want his sons name on the list?In The environ of the Fire Rising, a couple is trying to raise their son without tainting his soul with poverty and hopelessness. This is the main originator why his mother doesnt want his name to be signed at the sugar mill. The Childs parents acceptt want the boy to serve as slave in the Mill. The child however grew hypnotised in the works of Boukman, a declaration of freedom and slave revolution.4. How does (social) class become significant in BETWEEN THE POOL AND THE GARDENIAS?To further stress the importance of class in Between the Pool and the Gardenias, I quote an excerpt from the book which says Her lips were wide and purple, like those African dolls you see in tourist inventory windows save never could afford to buy. The character is that of a young woman who have had many miscarriages originally since she cant afford better healthcare for her baby. She is now in denial of her childs death and is drawn to a dead child that she has seen on the streets. Though the corps is decaying, she cant seem to take her eyes of the child and continues to visit her. She wants to give the child proper burial but such would require money.5. Reread the conversation between the girl and her grandmother on page 107 in THE MISSING PEACE. Why does the grandmother nip hostility toward the visitor?In the Missing Peace, two dreadful women where brought together amidst the chaos of the fall of the old regime. The narrator, Lamort, helps an American journalist named Emilie in finding her mother. Lamorts grandmother feel hostility toward the visitor for the simple reason that she was American in a foreign country and she fears that their quest for the journalist mother would put her grandchild in danger.6. Both death and life function as study themes in SEEING THINGS SIMPLY. How does painting work with those two ideas?According to the character, the painting serves as a narration for her as shown by the excerpt, to have something to leave behind even after she is gone. Through her paintings life was maintain but as her real reason for making the painting unfolds, it foreshadows death.7. Danticat places the traditions of Haiti and Haitian culture at odds with Americans and American customs in CAROLINES WEDDING. Offer an example of this relationship and its significance to the story.In Carolines Wedding, clash of Haitan and American culture was portrayed as Caroline is not having a church wedding which is very important to their tradition. The difference between the American and Haitan culture was further illustrated when Coroline verbalize to her mom in one of their arguments that they dont want to spend money a individual(a) day just to please the rest of the crowd while leaving them bankrupt. It is cheaper to get married in court than in the church, the way all Haitan Weddings are held. They said that her husbands friend who is a judge will be the one to wed the couple in his office and not in the church.8. The text closes with writing once again in the epilogue. What is the significance of writing for this author? What does the Epilogue reveal about Danticat?The Epilogue provides substance and unity for the rest of the story as one would get to understand that she is writing of diverse generations of women who are bounded by struggles. When asked what the essence of writing for her is, the author said in the last straggle that the act is pretty much like braiding ones hair you take a clump of rowdy stands and try to unify its strands to make it bigger and stronger.

Marriage and Obedient Christian Head Essay

For almost 4 days I was married to a beautiful and adulterous muliebrity. In terms of our friends and acquaintances and the public, we were a perfect couple. We held hands when at comedy shows and in malls. We kissed anywhere and everywhere, no point who was watching or whose paths we crossed. But when night fell on any given evening, my beautiful wife would leave only to return in the wee hours of the morning, just before daylight. What a lovely soul she was when we on the town together.I admit that I hung in there for almost two years and was the good husband and obedient Christian head. I ran my companies from home and rarely met clients in person, opting to physical exercise Skype for my meetings. When I approached my wife close to going to church and seeing a marriage counselor, she balked and I mat abandoned. Too much of that began to make me feel worthless, helpless, and heartbroken.And then came the need to find attention and a woman who would show me appreciation and value things my wife did not or could not. I began to meet clients out in lounges and at happy hours. Or travel everywhere out of state, or the country to find opposite women who would welcome this gentleman. I stayed out until daylight many an(prenominal) nights. Bedded many women. Travelled on many excursions with strange women.In final, after a sadistically short marriage and nasty divorce, I came to terms with the mien I react to pain. Ashamed am I to have turned to my ex-wifes ways. Ashamed am I to have left my obedience to the Lord. Ashamed am I to have to write about the truth. Though, I know, now, that I would be better if I was ever cheated on again.

The Fashion Channel Case

Introduction The Fashion furrow is losing highly treasured mantraps to competitors, causing a communicate decrease in advertising taxation. TFH needs a forge to improve its ratings and extend its advertising revenue. We barrack that TFH implement scenario three and tar get along the Fashions and Shoppers/Planners. As we will show, this forked targeting mean has the highest income potential by livery in the younger, highly valued viewers needed to increase advertising revenue. Analysis We exhort the trio scenario of targeting both the Fashions and theShoppers/Planners because it offers the highest ad revenue potential (see Appendix 1). veritable(a) though this course of study has the highest total expenses, it results in the highest net income and margin potential (see Appendix 1). If TFH implemented scenario dickens and targeted wholly the Fashions, the CPM would go up drastically. However, Fashions lone(prenominal) represent 15% of households and the average number of viewers would go grim (see Appendix 2). On the different hand, if TFH targets both Fashions and Shoppers/Planners the CPM and the average number of viewers will increase, disdainful in higher revenues (see Appendix 2).The number one scenario is not a dependable option because it increases advertising revenues scarcely a small amount. Implementation The carrying into action forge involves 3 major steps. The first step is to investigate the two segments and recoup out what mental of programming will retract and retain both segments. The present moment step would be to invest in the overbold programming. The third step is to begin an advertising, promotions, and public dealing campaign targeting the two segments. Risks The implementation of this plan has some risks that need to be mitigated.The three ajar risks ar 1) the plan only soak ups Fashions 2) the plan only attracts Shoppers/Planners 3) the plan alienates TFTP current customers. If the plan only attracts the Fashions, then revenue will not be as high as expected, as shown in Appendix 1 under scenario 2. However, the expenses would be much subvert and income would still be much higher than in 2006. If the plan only attracts the Shoppers/Planners, then CPM would go down causing advertising revenue to decrease (see Appendix 3). This rear be mitigated by management more on Fashions than Shoppers/Planners while still trying to attract both.The Fashion rut CaseStarting in 1996 TFH (the fashion channel) had a great success because of a big audition and no competitors in the business. Noticing the great success competitors such as CNN and life started to as well live fashion-based programmer. Since viewers now having a choice to decide which channel they want to watch the viewer numbers of TFH starter to decrease. A reason for this is shown by an alpha look into which pointed out that both CNN and lifetime got a better feedback in customers satisfaction in consumer interest as well as in aw areness and alike perceived value.Having their viewer numbers decreasing, TFH has to pay even more attention on their two main revenue streams cable affiliate fees and advertising Therefore they wanted to know who their hearing is to can better react to them. They reached this with help of a detailed demographic breakdown which leaded to the result, that 61% of their viewers are egg-producing(prenominal) and 33% creation old 18-34 which is less then 45% being aged 35-54, but the younger group is stronger in this business Additional to this they did a SFA associated survey which split up the audience into 4 groupsFactionists highly engaged in fashion with being 15% of all viewers, 61% being female and 50% being aged 18-34 Planners and Shoppers participants in fashion on a weak basis with being 35% of all viewers, 54% being female and 25% being aged 18-34 Sustainability participants in fashion for specific needs with being 30% of all viewers, 50% being female and 30% bei ng aged 18-34. Also they have 45% with children in the household Basics not interested in fashion with being 20% of all viewers and 45% being female. 2) Which research method was most helpful to you in developing and evaluating the class options?As menti angiotensin-converting enzymed before, there are foursome groups resulting from the SFA associated research. Combines with the results from the demographic breakdown we think it is really helpful for ETC. Indeed, with these researches they have the opportunity to realize who their audience is and so they can model on getting a new audience, probably within the another(prenominal) groups. They also understand who is the most strong group in their business so that they can work on reaching their needs and with these information it was possible to work out the segmentation options. 3) What are the segmentation options?Broad-based marketing The goal is to develop a multi-segment strategy with a strong focus on Factionists and the P lanners&shoppers and also have a focus on women aged between 18 and 34 since this is the most powerful group as mentioned before. Fashions segmentation In this segmentation the focus is strong only on Factionists. The plan is to spend $ 15 one million million million on programming. It is a single segment concentration. Factionists plus Planners & shoppers segmentation This one is a product specialized segmentation with focus on both Factionists and Shoppers & Planners.TFH has to spend $ 20 million on programming in this case. 4) What is the project financial impact of each of the option? Scenario number 3 has the best financial result a come uponst an increment of $20. 000. 000 in fixed costs and an increment of $4. 151. 347 in unsettled costs, the increment of revenue by Ad sales increases by $138. 378. 240 and the company can have the level best net income ($168. 867. 232) and also the maximum margin (39%). Scenario number 1, instead, is the worst one The Fashion Channel does nt have extra fixed cost but also their income are the lowest one ($249. 080. 832) that is $96. 864. 68 turn away than in scenario 3. In this case, the firm can match the same result that reached in 2006. Scenario 2 is a little worst than scenario 3 they have a little few fixed cost ($70. 000. 000) as they gain less revenue by Ad sales ($322. 882. 560) and also the net income and the margin are not performing as in scenario 3. 5) Compare the segmentation options. What are the Pros & Cons (Strengths & Weaknesses) of each option? 1 . Broad Appeal (Broad multi-segment approach) Scenario 1 Cross segment of Factionists, Planners & Shoppers, and Sustainability Woman aged 18 to 34 in all of the clusters 2.Factionists Scenario 2 Alternative to a broad, multi-segment approach focus on single segment (Factionists) 0 aggressive approach. Strong in the highly valued 18-34 female demographic. 3. The Factionists and the Shoppers/Planners Scenario 3 Dual targeting of two segments (Factionists and Shoppers/Planners). 6) What is your recommendation? After the analysis of costs, revenues and net income and the review of advantages and disadvantages of the three options, according to us the best solution is the scenario 3 the Fashions plus Planners/Shoppers segmentation.We understand that the risk involved with this scenario is very high. TFH will lose some of their most hard-core consumers by re-positioning the channel towards factionists and the planners/shoppers. Furthermore, Exhibit 5 show us that this scenario also requires more programming and in operation(p) expenses. On the other hand, Factionists has superior interest in fashion and Planners & Shoppers has the largest cluster size, so it is a good choice to combine them. Indeed Planners & Shoppers will improve he rating in order to attract more ad buyers and at the same time Factionists will enhance the CPM to gain more ad revenue.Moreover, from the Exhibits 4 and 5 we can observe that scenario 3 gives the more revenue that the others and it provides more net income and a better margin than the other two options. To conclude, the benefits truly do seem to outweigh the risks in this scenario and we recommend that targeting at two valued groups Factionists and Planners & shoppers is the best solution to this problem. It will create more revenues (above all from advertising), aka TFH get back market shares quickly and maintain Tiffs leading status and core viewer loyalty.Obviously, The Fashion Channel will also implement this new marketing plan. One of the more difficult challenges for TFH is trying to accompaniment their older loyal consumers while attracting the new factionists and planners/shoppers (18-34 female audience), otherwise they could certainly lose more than they gain. In order to achieve this aim, TFH should analyze the loyal consumers favorite programs and make sure to keep these programs when they begin their new marketing plan.Moreover, The Fashion Channel should look at Lif etime and their Fashion Today program to gain a better understanding of how they market to their 18-34 year-old female audience, so they will be in a very advantageous position to capture a large share of the market. Furthermore, TFH must continually find ways to improve consumer interest, awareness, and perceived value. Lastly, TFH must be aware of its competition and be ready to tell and re-position its programs in order to earn the best TV ratings and capture the most market share.The Fashion Channel CaseIntroduction The Fashion Channel is losing highly valued viewers to competitors, causing a projected decrease in advertising revenue. TFH needs a plan to improve its ratings and increase its advertising revenue. We recommend that TFH implement scenario three and target the Fashions and Shoppers/Planners. As we will show, this dual targeting plan has the highest income potential by bringing in the younger, highly valued viewers needed to increase advertising revenue. Analysis We recommend the third scenario of targeting both the Fashions and theShoppers/Planners because it offers the highest ad revenue potential (see Appendix 1). Even though this plan has the highest total expenses, it results in the highest net income and margin potential (see Appendix 1). If TFH implemented scenario two and targeted only the Fashions, the CPM would go up drastically. However, Fashions only represent 15% of households and the average number of viewers would go down (see Appendix 2). On the other hand, if TFH targets both Fashions and Shoppers/Planners the CPM and the average number of viewers will increase, exulting in higher revenues (see Appendix 2).The first scenario is not a good option because it increases advertising revenues only a small amount. Implementation The implementation plan involves 3 major steps. The first step is to research the two segments and find out what kind of programming will attract and retain both segments. The second step would be to invest in the new programming. The third step is to begin an advertising, promotions, and public relations campaign targeting the two segments. Risks The implementation of this plan has some risks that need to be mitigated.The three ajar risks are 1) the plan only attracts Fashions 2) the plan only attracts Shoppers/Planners 3) the plan alienates TFTP current customers. If the plan only attracts the Fashions, then revenue will not be as high as expected, as shown in Appendix 1 under scenario 2. However, the expenses would be much lower and income would still be much higher than in 2006. If the plan only attracts the Shoppers/Planners, then CPM would go down causing advertising revenue to decrease (see Appendix 3). This can be mitigated by focusing more on Fashions than Shoppers/Planners while still trying to attract both.

Happy Nation

Happy nation What is pleasure? When asked this question, umteen people would have many different answers. Some may refer to happiness as family, and others may decl be money as one of their main reasons for happiness. Indeed, all people are different. However, euphoric people usually have one thing in common and it is where they live. So, what should a area have, or look like in order to deem itself the happiest? According to New York Times newsperson Nicholas D. Kristof, Costa Rica is the current winner of the World Database of Happiness. This small Central Ameri dope democracy has accomplished monumental undertakings to deserve this enormous title. For instance, Costa Rica abolished its army, preserved nature, and make investments in pedagogics more profitable than investments in artillery. In fact, Costa Ricans can be uplifted of their country and fairly deem themselves the happiest nation however, Americans, for example, can excessively deem their country as the happ iest ones. More all over, the unify States has everything to be at the top of the list of capable nations. A fertile environment, high level education, enriched family and external relationships would be some of the reasons why American citizens may consider themselves to be the happiest nation in the world. First of all, the united States have a very rich environment to be intelligent with. The environment of the US consists of sparkling lakes and streams full of fish, making fishing a popular hobby of Americans sportsman. In addition, an abundance of cascading mountains and forests full of deer, wild boars, pheasants, birds and other animals make hunters and naturalists alike happy to be here.In fact, every year more and more people retreat to the mountains and campsites to hunt or vacation and enjoy these natural amenities. To name a few others, skiing, snowboarding and biking are sports that becoming more popular these days. In 2009 for example, according to the National S ki and Snowboarders Retailers Association, 5. 5 million people participated in the sport in 2009. The unite States national parks encourage enthusiasts from its natives and tourists from all over the world.In addition, the US has many bodies of water, but the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, on the East and West Coasts of the United States, offer many opportunities. In fact, Americans love sea nutrition and having access to the two largest oceans makes eating fish daily a common occurrence. Moreover, having two oceans spanning two study coast lines provides picturesque sandy beaches for comfortable living and popular vacation muscae volitantes. From California to Oregon, and Maine to Florida, these beaches and scenic spots draw many to live and vacation here. Besides the lakes, mountains and beaches, the United States has many more wonders of nature.For instance, the honey oil canon in Arizona, Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, the Arches National Park in Utah as comfortably as Yosemite National Park in California all of which draw many visitors. Only Grand Canyon visited 4. 41 million tourists in 2008. In addition, Niagara Falls, sharing its border with Canada is also one of the almost widely visited natural attractions among Americans. In other words, the United States has an incredible environment that can slowly be deemed the best in the world. The second important reason why Americans can consider themselves a happy nation is education.American education is widely known as the best around of the world. In fact, most guiding light famous scientists, archaeologists and sportsman graduated from colleges and universities in the United States such as inventor Sicorsky, sportsmen Tiger timberland and a scientist Linus Pauling. Besides that, almost every person who had a chance to graduate from any of the United States universities countries became later successful in native country. Indeed, a diploma from an American educational institution is easily accepted in other countries therefore, there are not difficulties with materialiseing job .In addition, there is also another extraordinary reason that supports American education opportunities. It is fiscal aid. Very few counties provide fiscal aid to low-income students, and American citizens who are offered this opportunity should be very proud of it. Despite the current economical downfall, the United States continues to provide this opportunity allowing students to obtain an education in higher learning. For instance, in 2008 the United States authorities provided nearly 91 billion in financial aid to 104 million students.Moreover, according to President Obama the financial aid budget will increase this year and more students will be able to end their study. Furthermore, the American government creates special programs that allow students from foreign countries to come to the United States on student visas. Those programs are very popular among foreign students because the y not only provide a decent opportunity to touch a valued experienc e, but also provide job opportunities after graduation. Briefly, high level education is one of the reasons that support America as a happy nation.Finally, enriched family and international relationships are also sizable reasons that support the American Happy Nation theory. In fact, family, for almost every American citizen, is the biggest treasure in the world. There is no other home base in the world where people send so many greeting card to loved ones as they do here in the United States. For example, in the Ukraine cards are sent for happy events such as, birthdays, weddings or holidays, however it would be interpreted as a personal offense to receive a sympathy card when someone dies.It is even impossible to find such kind cards in the Ukraine because they simply are not for sale Therefore, Americans have to be proud of having such a nicely-shared tradition. Another practiced tradition that may deem as Am erican only is the Thanksgiving holiday. In fact, this favorite United States holiday is unfamiliar to other countries. Indeed, there is no other place in the world where people, once a year no matter what, set down many hours flying or driving to spend this holiday with their loved ones enjoying family traditions.Besides the family relationships, Americans have excellent international relationships. Around the world the United States is known as a strong, wealthy and successful county. Moreover, during international conflicts the United States opinion often plays an important role in the negotiating process. In fact, in 2002 the United States of America work Arab-Israeli Conflict between Palestine and Israel. Indeed, America is looked upon for its strength. Besides good negotiation skills America is known as a very welcomed and peaceful country.Throughout time thousands of people from hundreds of countries, despite their race or religion, settled and made their homes in the Unit ed States. In other words, a country where discrimination does not exist and holiday traditions are practiced from generation to generation can easily be deemed a joyful place in the world. The United States has everything it needs to consider it a happy country. People from around of the world who visited the US at least once noticed how glorious the United States is.Moreover, the relationships that the American Government built over time with other countries may also be one of the reasons why American citizens are proud of their country. In addition, the high level of education that is world renowned may also make citizens purport happy. In other words, a happy nation is comprised of hard-working satisfied people who enjoy their environment, families and homes, who take disdain and are patriotic, and who support educational opportunities provided by a government respected by other nations that country is the United States of America.

E-Retail Industry – The Uk Internet Grocery Market

This study aims to transform the war-ridden environment of almost of the main retailers deep down the UK food foodstuff and to demonst count the different elements of the e-environment that relate on the retailers short letter and marketing strategy. Furtherto a greater extent this study onlyow assess the impact of legion(predicate) factors and constraints surrounding the e-retail attention and specifically the food market sector of the retail exertion.It is known globally that the UK has the nigh developed food market e-tailing sector in the world and that is increasely appearing specially after the hardship of many business object littleons which induce adopted the internet for distributing and selling in that location proceedssThis study leave alone blockade B2B sector and impart focus on B2C sector in the retail marketI will be focusing on the online securities industry market and the main British players leading this market.I acquire selected this ind ustry be wee recently, it has ca mapd a noise globally, and many interested people ar wondering whether this industry has reached the up line up level or it is still senesceing or it is notwithstanding a noise which will stomach its importance later.The UK market Marketit is estimated that 105 billion of groceries ar sold in Britain each year, (MINTEL Nov, 2002) , that shows a noticeable increase in gross revenue over the period since 1999 until the shutting of 2002.The Total retail sales through specialist and non-specialist food retailers were worth some 90 billion in 1999 and many specialists ph unity this market to continue ontogeny to reach 120 billion by 2005 (MINTEL, Nov. 2000)Within the food market itself, fruit and vegetables represent the immensest market, with high demand inwardly the sector for fresh produce. Convenience foods fresh and frigid ready meals are in addition highly demanded, as are products which generally fit wholesome with the demand of the much maligned cash rich and term poor consumer. mainstay debates within the market surround the use of genetically modified (GM) produce, and this has helped to create time pops in the retail market for suppliers of GM-free or innate ranges. The major supermarkets nourish been despicable quickly into the organic sector, in which higher permissivenesss abide be found. (Key throwaway)The UK mart market is driven by economic factors, population structures, household coat employment pattern and lifestyle patterns whose impact is shown below as macroeconomic factorsEconomic factors Although consumer spending is predicted to continue to grow by 12.6% to 2004, with personal disposable income expected to also grow steadily, it is unlikely that this will impact strongly on spending on food for in- photographic plate expenditure As personal wealth has grown, spending on food has decreased as a proportion of resume expenditure, with leisure activities, including eating out, taking most of the surplus. Some premium categories of food, such as organic produce, will benefit. As a result the focus of promotional strategy is moving away from terms competitiveness towards other aspects of the retail offer.The population structure Food expenditure and the overall market coat is directly related to the size of the population but the long-term outlook for the British population is for really low fruit, implying that the food retailing sector is likely to find domestic profits hard to grow. home structure Over the period 1999-2004, an increase of 830,000 (3.4%) (MINTEL, Nov 2000) household is anticipated. This is due to factors other than an increase in population the growth is coming from unity- and deuce-person households, due to rising divorce and separation rates, getting married later or not at all and the elderly living longer These trends disrupt the economic logic of the superstore model which is designed to offer large families convenient m eans to buy large volumes of food in one place, relatively infrequently, during the daytime, and to transport that shopping home by private car.Yet only 20% of adults have children under 16 living at home with them. all told the major grocery retailers are competing to grow their share of this crucial segment of the population.Smaller households equate to much(prenominal) frequent shops for a few items at a time, often at unsociable hours, a considerably more expensive retailing proposition.ever-changing employment patterns and practices, with increasing relative frequency of part-time operative, mean there are fewer families in which one partner has the time to shop at relative leisure during the day, and more for whom shopping is a divided up duty, carried out whenever busy schedules will allow. In human activity, time-pressured shoppers will often want to use a miscellanea of shopping patterns according to circumstance, with retailers being required to offer more channels to market in regulate to compete. This johnnot be done without cost implications.Changes in consumer tastes and lifestyles have an influence on grocery demand patterns. Healthy-food fashions and food-safety darts cause people to lurch what they eat, while there is a strong trend towards snacking and convenience eating which involves an increasing proportion of food being bought through channels other than grocery retailers.(MINTEL) net profit adoption in the UK retail SectorRetailers generally begin on-line activities by providing information and interactive communication. Their site may develop into an electronic shop almost mirroring their offline activitiesA study by the department of swap and industry (DTI) called, E-Commerce Impact Study Retail Overview (www.dti.gov.uk 29 July 2002) shows thatMore than 75% of retailers are adopting e-business technologies,Nearly a pull in of retailers surveyed, and more than 56% of micro firms in the convenience store sector, have not t hought to the highest degree the benefits of the e-commerce.This report provides a detailed look at a number of key retail sector, and shows how UK retailers are getting to grip with e-commerce and that modern technologies are helping to change the way they do business.The report mentioned that 77% of companies are adopting e-commerce technologies 71% of businesses use external e-mail 53% of firms have a websiteMore British food shoppers have converted to online grocery shopping than in any other country. However, profits sales still represent a tiny, although emergence, percentageage of the overall UK grocery market. Most people use the Internet as a way of gathering information on products and making bell comparisons before tour their local anaesthetic store.(Key Note)Despite these statistics are showing quite positive numbers, some experts and specialists responsibility that this field carrys further research to determine the extent to which the web is likely to promote long term changes in the retail sector . knock back 1A classification of online retail activit1 Food and consumables Grocery, including supermarkets and hyper-markets2 Convenience stores3 Specialists food retailers, e.g. bakers and confectioners4 Alcohol retailers, including off-licences5 Clothing and retrieveories Clothing retailers, including female, male and children6 Footwear retailers, including fashion and work wear7 Jewellery retailers, including accessories8 Home Furnishings retailers, including hard and padded furnishings andTextiles9 Electrical goods, including brown and white goods andComputers10 DIY, including gardening11 Leisure and entertainment Sports retailers, including activewear and equipment12 Toys retailers, including games, hobbies and crafts13 Books, music, stationery and video retailers14 News, including youthfulsagents and CTNs15 Health and beauty Health and beauty, including chemists and opticians16 Home shopping Home shopping, including catalogues and mail orderDirectories17 Mixed stores Mixed stores, including department stores and mixed bagretailers credit N.F. Doherty, F. Ellis-Chadwick and C.A. Hart. 1999 .Cyber retailing in the UK the latent of the Internet as a retail channelOnline Grocery UK MarketIn the UK online market there are four main grocery retailers dominating the market those are (Tesco, J Sainsbury, Asda, and Iceland.co.uk)According to the researchers the UK leads the world in online grocery shopping. Chains like Tesco and Iceland have been much faster than their US counter split in exploiting the immense potential of new(a)-made virtual shopping markets. They estimate that the online grocery market is already worth 200m a year and will reach 1bn within cardinal years.(Guardian Friday February 4, 2000 )The online grocery market is characterised by many of the features of the traditional grocery market. Big supermarkets have woken up to the Internet as a distribution channel and are gearing up to dominate t he market. Smaller suppliers, using the meshwork as another side of their portfolio, are sure to lose out in this area. Smaller niche suppliers make up a large element of the market in terms of numbers of firms. In fact, there are so many companies, many of which operate on a rattling local deli really basis, that it is almost impossible to calculate their actual number.MARKET SIZEOnline shopping grew 19 clock faster than traditional brick-and-mortar retailing in December 2002, and increased a further five percent in January 2003 to represent six percent of all UK retail .(www.nua.com)Various reported predictions suggest the online grocery market will be worth around up to 10 % of 120 billion which is the predicted grocery market size by 2005 (MINTEL Nov, 2000)The current size of the UK online grocery market has been estimated to be worth 1.2bn. (Key Note 2001), while Tesco reported 446 million sales during 2003.Sainsburys the second market leader announced annual sales of 110 mi llion during 2002 (MINTEL Mar 2003)More than half the UK population will have bought something online by the end of 2003. Online shopping will represent 7% of all retail sales in the UK, accounting for 2 billion a month.(MINTEL Apr 2003)The total size of the UK grocery market has been estimated at 100bn per year. To support the market, the UK has 5.9 million online shoppers, growing to a predicted 8.5 million over the next 5 years 500m of turnover, that suggests that average spending per user in 2000 was in the region of 83 per head, suggesting that the Majority of users are not regular consumers of online go.(Key Note)Market size is awkward to determine, as figures for turnover from Internet sales are often included in total sales figures. Companies that are struggling to perform in the market may be taking a rather flexible view in how they present figures that may disappoint shareholders. However, Key Notes assessment is that the size of the unbent online market is currently 465m ( dispirit than many estimates suggest). Within this, Tesco claims 64.5% of the market, Sainsburys 9%, ASDA 7.5%, Iceland 4.7%, , with the balance held by a range of independents, trivial suppliers and niche companies. board2The UK Online Grocery Market by Online gross sales by Supermarket (m and %), 2000Online Sales (m) % of TotalTesco 300 64.5J Sainsbury 42 9.0 ASDA Wal-Mart 35 7.5Iceland.co.uk 22 4.7Others 66 14.2Total 465 100.0Source Key NoteMacro EnvironmentTo understand the macro-environment a technique called a PEST (Political, Economical, Socio-cultural, and Technological) summary is unremarkably undertaken.The PEST analysis identifies all external factors that affect the way a business can operate. What follows is a PEST for the E-grocery industryPEST ANALYSISPOLITICAL FACTORSThe UK government sets itself as the target of making the UK the worlds better(p) place for e-commerce by developing public internet access and e-commerce awareness among UK businessesTo trad e in the UK there are 40 different laws that a company may be subject to (chaffey)Stephen Timms, e-commerce Minister, saidThe UKs retailers are making progress in adopting e-commerce anddeveloping e-business solutions. But there clearly is room forimprovement, and we cannot afford to be complacent.E-business technologies offer a wealth of benefits. In order toexploit these we must help create the undecomposed culture throughout thebusiness community so that UK firms of all sizes can seize thecompetitive advantage.UK online for business is leading the way in getting businessonline, and the giving medications aim to make the UK the scoop place in theworld for e-commerce.( http//www.gnn.gov.uk)The first Annual Report on the strategy was launched in family linetember 2000. The UK strategy for online tuition is laid down in the UK Online Action Plan, which details 94 recommendations for action in 25 areas of anteriority. adept specific goal is to develop the UK as the worlds best environment for electronic trading by 2002. This, it is stated, will be achieved in four specific ways* Encouraging challenger in Internet access markets* Establishing a new regulatory framework for converging telecommunications and broadcasting markets* removing regulatory obstacles to electronic ways of working* Co-operating with international partners to develop a global framework for e-commerce.Oftel (Office of telecommunications) is one of the tools for achieving this strategy, and, as such, has been charged with operate challenger in the areas of dial-up access and delivering high-speed access routes to the Internet , specifically the encouragement of adoption of Broadband technology, and NPD (new product development) in the mobile-phone and fix-wireless markets. Government strategy is to put as many UK consumers as possible online. Those responsible for driving this strategy are aware of consumer concerns about the Internet that must be addressed if the Governments object ive is to be secured.(Key Note)ECONOMICAL FACTORSThe innovation in information technology (IT) and new business practices facilitated by IT are forming a new economy, Electronic commerce and the IT innovations fuelling it are supposed to be fundamentally changing the logics of business practice, forming new social realities, and new business models. Traditional old economy firms and organizations are busy reconstructing link up to the new economy.A stable rate of economic growth is one way in which the Government hopes to guarantee macro-economic constancy, which can assist firms when assessing the risks associated with innovative practices. This, combined with the factors outlined below, has an influential effect on the rate of growth of the online grocery market.Low Cost of Internet AccessOne of the main drivers encouraging the use of Internet access and e-grocery in the UK is the relatively low cost of time spent online.The UK is the cheapest off-peak location in the world fro m which to surf the Internet, peak rates have has been dropped. This advantageous position benefits consumers, and the state of competition within the market is strong, with a large number of good quality Internet receipts providers (ISPs) available and desirous to serve the public demand.Levels of Disposable IncomeThe greater the levels of PDI consumers have, the more likely they are to be tempted towards higher margin products. such(prenominal) high-margin products can make the difference surrounded by a profitable online transaction and a loss-making one.Table 3Index of Personal Disposable Income (1995=100 and %), 1995-20011995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001DisposableIncome index 100 106 113 116 122 127 132% changeYear-on-year 6.0 6.6 2.7 5.2 4.1 3.9SourceNational StatisticsTable 3 shows that levels of disposable income are rising, and have risen by 32% since 1995. The indications are that the upward trend will continue to apply, suggesting that this economic indicator will co ntribute to growth within the market in the short term.Rate of Change of PricesThe change of prices gives a good sign of the stability of the economy. The UK has a low rate of inflation, and this is confirmed by an assessment of the RPI in Table 4Table 4Retail Price Index for All Items and Food(1995 =100 and %), 1995-20001995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000RPI (all items) 149.1 152.7 157.7 162.9 165.4 170.0% changeYear-on-year _ 2.4 3.3 3.3 1.5 2.8RPI (food) 151.4 154.9 160.5 166.5 169.4 175.2% changeYear-on-year 2.3 3.6 3.7 1.7 3.4RPI retail price indexSource National StatisticsIt can be seen from Table 4 that the rate of change in the price of food between 1995 and 2000 has been roughly in line with the general rate of change in the RPI. SimilarlyEuropean Currency and Simplification O European Trading LawsThe advance of the European currentness and the simplification of European trading laws will mean that Consumers will find it increasingly easy to trade with European retailers. The I nternet offers International retailers a great opportunity to attack the UK marketplace.British shoppers are already prepared to go Euro to get what they want online.Big brand names are in the best position to immediately exploit e-commerce but if they dont start moving soon the threat from foreign competition is real. (Jolanta Pilecka, E-commerce Marketing Manager, Hewlett-Packard).In future a number of important factors might affect the economic state of the UK and inevitably supermarkets. The first is the possible introduction of the Euro. The Euro has been introduced in various European countries, but most notably France. The introduction of the Euro in France has pushed up weekly shopping bills for the average French household by 10 per cent. Could the same be expected to happen in Britain should the EuroSOCIAL FACTORSTo know the barriers to consumer online purchasing adoption it is serviceable to understand the different factors that affect the level of internet access. Value proposition ease, Security and fear of unnoticeable are the main factors affecting the internet adoption (Chaffey)Over the period July to September 2002 an estimated 11.4 million households in the UK could access the internet from home, that center 46 percent of all households. This is over twice the number deuce-ace years earlier and is an increase of 7 percent from 39 percent reported in the ternary quarter of 2001. (www.nua.com )Evidence suggests that household formation will continue to grow, but that the profile of home size as mentioned at the first of this paper will stay strongly biased towards homes with one or two people.Table 5Changing Household Numbers in the UK (million and %), 2000 and 20052000 2005 one thousand million % of Total Million % of TotalOne person 7.3 29.1 8.0 31.1Two persons 8.9 35.5 9.0 35.0Three persons 3.7 14.7 3.5 13.6Four persons 3.5 13.9 3.5 13.6Five or more persons 1.7 6.8 1.7 6.6All households 25.1 100.0 25.7 100.0SourceNational StatisticsAn e stimated 62 %of adult in the Great Britain have accessed the internet some time according to figures from the October 2002 national omnibus survey. This is equivalent to approximately 28.6 million adults in Britain having accessed the internet. In the month prior to the survey 52 per cent of adults had accessed the internet.Differences between the countries and regions of the UKLevels of access vary greatly between different parts of the UK. In October 2001 to September 2002 the proportion of households with access was lowest in Northern Ireland (30%), Wales (31%) and the watt midlands (34%). It is noticeable that the proportions were highest in the East of England (52%), London (50%) and the South East (50%) were around half of households had access to the internet.Table6Households with home access to the Internet by Government OfficeRegion & UK countryOctober 2000 to September 2001 and October 2001 to September 2002Oct 2000 Oct 2001to toSep 2001 Sep 2002Per centNorth East 26 36No rth West 35 41Yorkshire and the Humber 32 39East Midlands 40 46West Midlands 35 34East 40 52London 46 50South East 46 50South West 38 41England 39 44Wales 27 31Scotland 30 40Northern Ireland 26 30United Kingdom 37 43Source national statisticsAccording to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (www.itu.int )it is shown that in the UK 36.62 per 100 own a PCTable 7InternetEstimated PCsHoststotal2002Hosts per10000 inhab.2002Users(k)2002Users per10000 inhab.2002Total(k)2002Per100Inhab.20022865930485.0324000.04061.7422,0036.62table 7 , shows that a large proportion of the UK population own a PC that makes accessing the internet easer than going to the work place or other placesLegal and ethical concernsIt is argued that people do not change as quickly as may be believed. They still do not like parting with personal details, especially to those that they do not trust. Firms that request data from consumers need to make supplying information optional and allow users to change and delet e the information provided. Crucially, they need to convince consumers that they will treat all information confidentially. Firms that are treasure as good citizens and with a high reputation in this regard are well hardened to ease the anxieties of consumers scared of humbugulent use of details. Smaller companies with an Internet-only presence will find it hard to build up this trust.TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORSE-retailing can be seen as an innovation in retailing that in turn is built around a technological innovationMany reports have summarized technological problems as The complexness of the user interface bandwidth restrictions and access connection speeds and gage concernsA wide range of new technologies have enabled companies to createbetter and more efficient relationships with consumers as e-retailers provide more information in the pre-shop discover increase the number of access points to meet customers needs offer a wider choice of products than can be held in-store and, im prove the overall service provision, for example through better stock management. www.gnn.gov.ukTechnological breakthroughs are some of the key drivers in building the right conditions for online grocery to thrive.The main technological factors influencing the market include The intricacy of broadband Internet The introduction and growth of DTV (digital television) M-commerce (mobile-commerce) and WAP (wireless application protocol) phones Automated reordering systems Systems offering defence against fraud Automated customer service.(Key Note 2001)Broadband InternetOne of the problems many consumers have when dealing with the Internet is the speed of access. Many consumers connect using 56K modems, although the majority never achieve this speed, perhaps because they live a great distance from the central phone-exchange routes or because their phone lines are too old. Broadband connections can slake this problem.Broadband connections come in two basic types digital subscriber line connections (DSL) and cable modem connectionsIn the first quarter of 2001, the number of DSL lines grew by 90% in the UK This market is likely to sire high growth in the coming years.(www.itu.int)Digital Television Advancements in television are cartroad parallel to other Internet-enabled technologies 4.4 million households had DTV in 2000, and the figure is now probably in excess of 5 million. Not all DTV services are fully Internet-enabled, but there are plans to achieve this. The growth rate in subscription to DTV services is believed to be higher than the rate of new subscribers to ISPs. It has been suggested that more than 45% of homes will have digital satellite TV by 2008 (generating revenues for the communications companies of 2.4bn per year).One of the major barriers to e-grocers is the high cost charged to the suppliers by the DTV companies. Tesco reported to have found Open Digitals charges too expensive to make a venture worthwhile, however, the majority of the large s upermarkets are signing up to the service may have very severe consequences in the long term.M-Commerce and WAP PhonesM-commerce for all markets in Europe is forecast to reach levels of around $38bn by 2004.(Key Note) with over half of European companies planning to offer some form of service via mobile phones (particularly in the banking and service sectors). Major multiples are increasingly active in the service sector, and their online successes in other areas could well spill over into m-commerce activities, Mobile communications company Ericsson has estimated that, by 2004, there will be more than 600 million people using mobile Internet services in Europe.In 2000, the market for subscriptions to mobile-phone services grew by 67% and by 84% in 2002 .(www.itu.int ) However, WAP phones, currently the only method of accessing Internet via a mobile, have been relatively slow to catch on in Europe and make up only 15% of overall handset sales globally.Automated Re-ordering SystemsAl l the technologies so far discussed require a conscious effort on the behalf of the consumer. In the future, it is possible that automated re-ordering systems will mean that the retailer is mechanically notified when products are being used up within the home and need replenishing. There are two enabling technologies currently under development that may make this less fictional and more all(prenominal)day. marketer managed inventory (VMI) is one of these technologies.Another enabling technology in the same area is radio frequency identification technology, also known as RFID. This improves on VMI by using radio waves to scan all products in the fridge at any one time.Those kinds of technologies build and grow up the relationship between the consumer and the supplier learns more about the consumer behaviour to satiate his demandAlso they can create a competitive advantage for the businessSystems Offering Defence Against FraudConcern over fraud continues to scare many consumers awa y from using the Internet as a route for purchasing items and services.Credit-card companies are already making changes to their services to ease these concerns, but longer-term solutions may be found in encryption technology. applied science is being developed that adds digital signatures to a purchasers Web browser which may help fight fraud.Such services can only be developed and provided by strategic partnerships between online retailers and Web security corporations such as Inktomi, Ariba, Broadvision, Vignette and Verisign (all leaders in secure-payment processing solutions).INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTPorters 5 forces analysisMichael Porters five forces is The model that widely used for competition analysis in business strategy formulation, states that an shaping exists within an industry. To succeed it must deal with the competitive forces that exist within that industry(1) Entry of new competition.(2) Threat of substitute products.(3) Bargaining power of buyers.(4) Bargaining powe r of suppliers.(5) Rivalry amongst existing competitors.THE GROCERY E-TAILING MARRETAs an industry in the early stages of its life cycle, the online grocery market is currently very fragmented, with a growing number of competitors. The reasons for this fragmentation lie in several factors relatively low entry barriers, high superman costs, the perish ability of grocery items, nontradable goods and services industry, and the ability to specialize in geographic regions and reap the benefits of economies of scale. untold like traditional bricks-and-mortar supermarkets, online grocers are highly localized except for a few that operate across the country or internationally by delivering only non-perishable goods. (Success factors)Barrier to entryCompared to building traditional supermarkets, the barriers to entry in the online grocery market are relatively low, since most online grocers are localized. Set-up costs include establishing the computer system, creating logistics and depot capabilities, building brand awareness, and having the necessary alliances with local grocers in place. Many online grocers have already established partnerships or alliances.Entry into the industry is currently relatively easy, because no one has inherent advantages.Innovation and competitive moves, which can be easily replicated, have not prevented new firms or substitutes from entering the market. However, entry barriers may rise in the future as consolidation likely occurs.Market such as groceries, barriers must be built on differentiation through brand recognition by achieving superior customer service and responsiveness. One attraction for the recent surge of Internet startups in the grocery business is that online grocers require less capital and have lower variable costs than bricks-and-mortar stores. Fixed costs are high, but the potential for big returns is great if a large sales volume can be generated.Exit barriers can be moderate to high, depending on the amount investe d in logistics and warehousing, the Web site, computer systems, and marketing.PPOWER OF SUPPLIERSRetailers have high dicker power when they purchase a large volume of goods from their suppliers. Unlike huge supermarket chains, the smaller online grocers typically receive a lower level of bargaining power than their suppliers. But traditional grocers that decide to branch out onto the Net have the advantage in this regard, buying in bulk and enjoying established relationships with suppliers and customers. This allows them to price their goods competitively, deterring new entrants or forcing inefficient incumbents out.POWER OF BUYERSThe bargaining power of buyers or consumers is very high in this industry. With many substitutes and competitors to choose from, dissatisfied customers can simply switch to a competitor. Groceries are commodities, so consumers can be sure to purchase the exact same products elsewhere.THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTSThe threat of substitutes is undoubtedly hi gh for two reasonsFirstly, the products and services offered online to customers are extremely similar. So similar in fact that supermarket often have to lower their prices to give them more appeal.Secondly although there is a certain degree of brand loyalty, it cant be relied on, as customer loyalties tend to change when they find they can obtain better value for money elsewhere. E-grocers understand that the threat of substitutes is high, and this then is the main reason for supermarkets branching out and pursuing a broader product line, as a means of calming the intense competition with their competitors. However, in pursuing broader product line grocers present themselves up for further competition from experienced players in other non food retail markets.RIVALRY AMONGST be COMPETITORSCompetitors will do everything in their power to increase their market share. Supermarkets also have high fixed costs due to the sheer number of stores they have open. They must make a sufficient amount of sales to cover their costs and generate profit.As discussed earlier there are a sort of substitute products and services that are becoming increasingly rugged to differentiate thus custom is very much determined by price. This situation is further aggravated because switching costs are difficult to impose, as food is an everyday necessity, many customers will happily forget any loyalties if they really need to obtain it.ConclusionThe environment in the online grocery industry is growing more and more competitive as new firms continue to enter.Grocers which established its online purchasing site first is gaining the benefits of the first-mover advantages such as Tesco.comE-grocery has fabricate a considerable industry sector each main player in this industry is try to create a competitive advantage to attract more numbers of spoiled customers trying to satisfy there demands.The UK e-environment is one of the best e-environments globally that ease the entrance to this i ndustry and generate the potential for more and more customers to buy grocery on line.This industry sector is a quite new industry that makes the flow of information about its success and pitfall factors relatively not enough to know every factor influences this industryWe cant say that e-grocery sector has reached the mature level since there are more and more numbers of customers and rivals are entering this sector.