The Long-Term Effects of Nicotine

In the dead body, nicotine interacts with rally nervous system receptors consisting of unhomogeneous combinations of alpha and beta proteins. This facilitates the extend of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and serotonin. The dependance produced is similar to that of opiates and cocaine (Johnson, move & Westman, 1999). Pharmacologically, the nicotine produces feelings of pleasure, arousal, and relaxation, amd may improve upkeep and reaction time in addicted individuals. Also, the use of nicotine reduces fretting and stress, relieves hunger, and prevents weight gain (Hunter et al., 1994). The invalidating gists of the drug hold increased blood pressure, softheartedness rate, coronary vasoconstriction, and the production of carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the speech of oxygen in the body (Ferry, Joseph, Norman, & Prochazka, 1996).\n\nNot only does nicotine effect the body biologically, but it has somber psychoactive effects as we ll. These psychoactive effects grammatical case the smoking compartments mien to be reinforced, both positively and negatively. The positive support (which causes the smoker to need to smoke) involves the stimulation of the nicotine receptors, which promotes higher(prenominal) rates of self-administration of the drug. The negative reinforcement (which causes the smoker to not want to not smoke) is in the mental strain of withdrawal symptoms produced by degenerative use. Smokers also associate the pleasing effects of smoking mentioned previously with the taste, smell, and feel of the smoke in their throat, as well as the manipulation of the smoking materials. This is called conditioning, which is the study cause of relapse once smoking cessation has occurred (Hunter et al.).\n\nIn order for an individual to set out smoking, the psychological, behavioral, and physical components of addiction mustiness be considered so that an trenchant treatment plan terminate be develope d. The most prospered approaches involve a combina...