Bone Diseases :: essays research papers fc

Bone diseases virtually directlyinfluence the talent to walk or to move any part ofthe body--hands, limbs, neck, and spine. They are related to to joint disorders--ARTHRITIS,COLLAGEN DISEASE, DISLOCATION ofjoints, and RHEUMATISM. The medicalspecialty pertaining to jampack disorders isORTHOPEDICS. Fractures are the mostcommon scan disorders. They can occur as theresult of an chance event or be secondary to metabolousdiseases. Fractures are life-threatening to vulcanisedpeople having the metabolic bone diseaseOSTEOPOROSIS, in which bones moveporous and brittle. A person, mostly women,having osteoporosis may break a hip to(predicate) during a falland possibly die from complications. Birth DefectsCongenital bone diseases constitute a widespectrum, ranging from the unimportant--forinstance, mild bow legs--to severe lesions, such(prenominal) asspina bifida, in which the lower end of the spinefails to develop properly and the baby is born withparalysis and misshapen vertebrae. Con genitaldiseases may assimilate hormonal bases for example,fibrous DYSPLASIA, in which fibrous tissuereplaces that of some bones, often results in bonedeformity in addition, some girls with this diseasephysically mature so early that they are capable ofpregnancy and childbirth at the age of seven.Congenital defects also may have inheritable bases,as in families who have extra fingers or toes or inthe disease osteogenesis imperfecta, in whichchildren have such brittle bones that more arefractured. Disorders of growth and developmentinclude several kinds of dwarfism and gigantism. bone up or limbs may develop deformity as theresult of cognize causes, such as the infectionpoliomyelitis, or unknown or inconsistent causes, suchas curvature of the spine (SCOLIOSIS) orCLUBFOOT. Infections Infections of bone, calledosteomyelitis, are commonly caused by pus-producingbacteria, especially Staphylococcus andStreptococcus. Before the development ofantibiotics, children frequently contract thisdisease. Today bone infections are introducedprimarily through fractures and during surgicaloperations. state infected with syphilis,tuberculosis, leprosy, or yaws are susceptible tobone damage. metabolous Disorders Metabolicabnormalities often involve defects in the storageof minerals, particularly atomic number 20 and phosphateions, in the skeleton. Diseases of the kidney cancause a metabolic imbalance of phosphate andcalcium so that weakening of the bone occurs.Other metabolic bone diseases are osteoporosis,gout, OSTEOARTHRITIS, and PAGETSDISEASE. Nutritional Disorders Nutritionaldeficiencies that result in bone damage includeRICKETS in children and osteomalacia in adults,caused by a lack of vitamin D. In children, calciumand phosphate are poorly distributed on bonesduring development, resulting especially indeformity of the legs and arms. In adults, bones ofthe spine, pelvis, and legs reach demineralizedand the bones weaken. SCURVY--caused by alack of vitamin C--also af fects bone tissues. Astudy in the late 1980s indicated that the mineralboron is nutritionally important, as well.Apparently, it reduces loss of the bone minerals