Thursday, October 10, 2019
ââ¬ÅHereââ¬Â by Philip Larkin Essay
Write a close critical analysis of ââ¬ËHereââ¬â¢ showing how far this is characteristic of the style and concerns of Larkinââ¬â¢s collection ââ¬ËThe Whitsun Weddingsââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËHereââ¬â¢ is a poem exploring Larkinââ¬â¢s flight of imagination as he travels from London to Hull on the train. It is the first poem in The Whitsun Weddings collection and seems to be an appropriate introduction because, much like his other poetry, it looks at humanityââ¬â¢s place in the world and the effect of consumerism. Following the pattern of many other poems in this collection, ââ¬ËHereââ¬â¢ begins with physical ideas of ââ¬Ërich industrial imagesââ¬â¢, before becoming more abstract in the final stanza. By beginning the poem with the participle, ââ¬Ëswervingââ¬â¢, Larkin immediately gives the reader a sense of the moment being suspended in the present, before an unpredictable, fast movement, which is not usually associated with travelling on a train. The word itself is sudden, describing an immediate action and repetition of this throughout the first stanza emphasises this sensation, creating a feeling of Larkinââ¬â¢s thoughts being free and unrestrained. The beauty of this movement is then contrasted by the sharp sounds of the ââ¬Ëthin and thistledââ¬â¢ fields, bringing attention to the change in surroundings, from the town to the countryside. By listing what he sees from the window of the train ââ¬â ââ¬Ëscarecrows, haystacks, hares and pheasantsââ¬â¢ ââ¬â Larkin constructs a series of moving rural images that contrast to the earlier industrial descriptions of ââ¬Ëworkmen at dawnââ¬â¢. The sibilance on ââ¬Ëhaystacks, haresââ¬â¢ increases the rhythm of the poem and represents the movement of the journey of the train. As well as this, the constant and repetitive use of ââ¬Ëandââ¬â¢ in this stanza creates a feeling of the images continuing forever, without stopping. This is further emphasised by the fact that the poem is all one sentence that is not end-stopped until the final stanza, resulting in the feeling of building tension and pressure. In the last two lines, Larkin further explores the beauty of the countryside. He creates a sense of the fields opening up with ââ¬Ëthe widening riverââ¬â¢ and its ââ¬Ëslow presenceââ¬â¢ along with the ââ¬Ëpiled gold cloudsââ¬â¢, gives a feeling of dignity and a suggestion of heaven, while the lengthened assonance slows theà pace of the meter, further adding to this peaceful atmosphere. Larkinââ¬â¢s transition from the rural area shown in stanza one, to images of urban activity in stanza two come as a shock. The ââ¬Ëdomes and statues, spires and cranesââ¬â¢ creates a sense of bustle and closeness in the town, which contrasts to the beauty of the ââ¬Ëshining gull-marked mudââ¬â¢ previously described. The word ââ¬Ëclusterââ¬â¢ is welcoming, giving the sense of intimacy and an impression of everything being pulled together in a rich concentration. This idea is taken further with the introduction of ââ¬Ëgrain-scattered streetsââ¬â¢ where there is a feeling of abundance. However, Larkin quickly explodes this sensation with the introduction of more contemporary buildings with ââ¬Ëplate-glass swing doorsââ¬â¢, creating the feeling that the town is modernising and on the axis of change. At this point we start to see parallels with other poems in The Whitsun Weddings. In both ââ¬ËThe Whitsun Weddingsââ¬â¢ and in ââ¬ËSunny Prestatynâ â¬â¢, for example, he condemns the nature of commercialisation. ââ¬Å"Parodies of fashionâ⬠and ââ¬Å"nylon gloves and jewellery substitutesâ⬠, from ââ¬ËThe Whitsun Weddingsââ¬â¢, criticises the nature of consumerism and parallels Larkinââ¬â¢s words in ââ¬ËHereââ¬â¢. We get the impression that Larkin does not like the advancement and change occurring in the town. The phrase ââ¬Ëflat faced trolleysââ¬â¢ seems blunt and unappealing, while ââ¬Ëraw estatesââ¬â¢ suggests something unfinished, without polish and out of place. By listing products, Larkin implies that consumerism is addictive; ââ¬Ëcheap suits, red kitchen-ware, sharp shoes, iced lollies, electric mixers, toasters, washers, driers-ââ¬Ë, creates a sense of the products building up. By using commas, instead of ââ¬Ëandââ¬â¢, Larkin enhances the meter of the poem to give a staccato effect and a build in tension. He does this to emphasise the consumerââ¬â¢s obsession with material goods and enhances this affect by shortening the length of s yllables in each word as the list progresses. Reflecting his ideas in ââ¬ËThe Whitsun Weddingsââ¬â¢ ââ¬â where he describes the reverse journey to ââ¬ËHereââ¬â¢, travelling fro London to Hull ââ¬â Larkin further denounces consumerism with the callous words in stanza three, ââ¬Ëa cut-price crowd, urban yet simpleââ¬â¢. This relatively dismissive tone relates back to the earlier images of ââ¬Ëraw estatesââ¬â¢ giving the impression that the people living in these urban areas are not sophisticated. The phrase ââ¬Ëcut-priceà crowdââ¬â¢ is made up of hard, harsh sounds, but this is contrasted by the following words, ââ¬Ëyet simpleââ¬â¢, which has an affectionate tone for the uncomplicated people. Following this, the word ââ¬Ëdwellingââ¬â¢ appears comfy and suggests affection for the inhabitants, which reminds us of the warmth Larkin shows towards the earl and countess, in ââ¬ËArundel Tombââ¬â¢. We get a sense of the town spreading out and growing with the ââ¬Ëmortgaged half-build edgesââ¬â¢ and the ââ¬Ëisolate villagesââ¬â¢, showing that consumerism is engulfing the entire area. This is taken further with the words ââ¬Ëwhere removed lives/loneliness clarifiesââ¬â¢ which is split across the two stanzas and finally end-stops the 27 line sentence. Through this separation, Larkin uses enjambment to draw our attention to each word, therefore, showing the shift of perspective and pace. The word ââ¬Ëclarifiesââ¬â¢ strips away any confusion or doubts, demonstrating how unblemished the rural areas are. By containing the first three stanzas within one sentence, Larkin creates a sensation of the reader travelling with him on the train. This long sentence juxtaposes the sudden short, monosyllabic sentence in the final stanza ââ¬â ââ¬Ëhere silence stands like heatââ¬â¢. The long vowel sounds in this sentence create a sense of peace and freedom. This contrast in sentence length is symbolic of the journey, which is enhanced by the use of iambic pentameter throughout the poem. For the first three stanzas, the pentameter is flawless, adding to the sense of constant and rhythmic movement. However, in the last stanza, it is more erratic, lines like ââ¬Å"luminously peopled air ascendsâ⬠fall a few syllables short of the constant rhythm throughout the rest of the poem, showing that Larkin is a little unsettled. The final stanza gives the reader a shift in tone, from fast paced, to slow and reflective, through twists of syntax. This reminds us of the final sentences in ââ¬Å"Mr Bleaneyâ⬠ââ¬â ââ¬Ëshould make him pretty sure he warranted no betterââ¬â¢ where the tone is also changed suddenly. In this stanza, the poem becomes more abstract and repetition of ââ¬Ëhereââ¬â¢ slows the rhythm down, giving significance to the moment. ââ¬ËLuminously-peopled airââ¬â¢ is mysterious and suggestive, taking us away from the brilliantly captured images earlier in the poem towards a vague and suggestive tone. Alongside this, use of words such as ââ¬Ëunnoticedââ¬â¢, ââ¬Ëhiddenââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëneglectedââ¬â¢ stresses the absence of peopleà and creates a sense of nature being unwatched. ââ¬ËHidden weedsââ¬â¢ gives the impression that they are private, which contrasts to the earlier images of busy consumerism. The final line is particularly poignant, ââ¬Ëhere is unfenced existenceââ¬â¢, stating Larkinââ¬â¢s main message that even when we die, nature will still be there. Similar to in ââ¬ËDockery and Sonââ¬â¢, Larkin suggests his terror of death and feeling of dread at descending into oblivion when life ends. ââ¬ËHereââ¬â¢, reflects Larkinââ¬â¢s main message throughout The Whitsun Weddings of disenchantment with industrial advancement and the age of consumerism. By using long sentences and enjambment throughout the poem, Larkin creates a sense of building tension and alongside this, much like his other poems in this collection, ââ¬ËHereââ¬â¢ moves from physical ideas to the abstract. This results in an overall message echoing his views towards life and society.
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment