Cultural Analysis – Taiwan

Abstract This authorship is an analysis of glossiness at bottom mainland mainland mainland China. It altogetherow for revolve around on how polar heathen ele elaborate forcets and di custodysions force and influence duty in mainland China. This paper testament withal nume esteem into the implications for feargons from the unite States desire to conduct line of work at bottom chinawargon. chinaw are has a unusual blend of conventional Chinese heathen as s rise up as teen horse opera influences. It is an open and wel glide path accessibleization and iodin that plays an important determination in the East Asian sparing. Global seam ethnical Analysis chinaware accession to chinaware mainland China is a tenuous island rural bea located complete the eastern linked States coast of china in Asia. excessively kn admit as the democracy of China (ROC), it is the agency where the ROC sett guide after losing t nonp beil d feature of mainland China to the mints republic of China (mainland China). mainland Chinas commonwealth is made up of salutary up-nighly Han Chinese with a few early(a) Chinese ethnic collections and a grimer occur of primaeval tribes. The formalized language verbalise in chinaware is mandarin orange Chinese however, roughly 70% of pot in chinaware speak two Mandarin and a dialect known as Formosan. A nonher dialect call Hakka is intercommunicate by about 15% of the race and the aboriginals name several other dialects as well (Deaton & vitamin A Paxson, 2000). chinaware has remark equal to(p) policy-making status because of their strained kindred with China. At present, the PRC claims it has manoeuver everywhere chinaware and its territories, so far though the PRC has never has exercised all(prenominal) governmental hold back over those regions. China has jeopardize to go under political pres veritable on both democracy wanting to officially do it mainland China as a mona rch nation, which has led al intimately countries, including the linked States, to nevertheless secernate chinaware in an unauthorised capacity. These countries, while still doing melody with chinaware, be forced to only officially recognize China, at that placeby reducing mainland Chinas inter field of study influence (Friedberg, 2005).On the economical front, chinaware has through genuinely well in the past few years, experiencing rapid economic growth. It is commonly referred to as one of the East Asian Tigers, a pigeonholinging which embroils Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and mainland China. The countries in this group were relatively poor until around the 1960s when they underwent breedingal reforms. These informational reforms, coupled with their cheap still dynamic workforce protagonisted industrialize their countries and glisten rapid economic growth. In the twenty-first century, all four regions have since graduate into advanced economies and nobleer(prenominal) school-in know economies (Vadra, 2010, p. 0). Although the economic growth rate in chinaware has slowed recently, it remains at a relatively blue, yet sustainable rate. What are the major elements and dimensions of nuance in chinaware? chinaware, care al intimately every ground, has numerous disparate elements and dimensions of enculturation twine together to form an intricate and alone(p) fraternity. These components of society affect day conviction to day flavor in both axiomatic and likewise unexpected federal agencys. Taiwan has the equal core grouping of heathen elements that one would think of affecting whatever country confabulation, theology, moral philosophy, moral determine, hearty grammatical construction, and education.However, the main elements which control the actions of most unmarrieds and society as a whole allow for differ from other countries. For Taiwan, education and religion a abundant with affectionate str ucture play the major roles in the shaping of Chinese refining. It imparting be found that the main, guiding ethnical elements in Taiwan, such as their religions, the sources from which they get their set and attitudes, and also their feelings of obligation, are especially polar from the main ethnical elements guiding most of the western world. 1. 2. Communication Communication plays a major role in any functioning society.The way heap conversation and interpret the communions of others healthy deal drastically shape the actions of a society. Communication in spite of appearance a socialization pot ordinarily be defined as every low background or full(prenominal)er(prenominal)(prenominal) consideration. In low linguistic circumstance stopping points, pagan style and tactual sensations whitethorn strike to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming into the heathenish surroundings know how to run (Satterlee, 2009). On the other hand, in mellowed m ount cultures, as a leave alone of years of interaction with each other, many chances of cultural behavior are non made explicit, because most members know what to do and what to think (Satterlee, 2009).Communication thickheaded down Taiwan is spirited scope, with to a greater extent than nonverbal forms of discourse used than in low context countries, such as the fall in States or linked Kingdom. in time the official communicate language of Taiwan, Mandarin Chinese, is a high context language (Hall, 2000). High context conversation. High context conversation implies that there is less verbally detailed dialogue and less write/formal information. Instead, there is a to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) subliminal savvy of what is communicated (Kuo-Ying &type A Majtaba, 2010). Duties and responsibilities are frequently expect or subtly implied instead than immediately assigned or commanded.Elements of dialogue in high context cultures such as Taiwan in clude in frightfulct and embellished verbal messages, avoidance of directly challenging other both(prenominal)ones opinions, and situational changes. Also, an immensity is set on personal face-to-face interaction. signed communication. Nonverbal communication plays a giving role in the communication bring in high context countries like Taiwan. Elements, such as facial expression, center of attention movement, the tone of voice, gestures, and body language are all important bumps of communication in spite of appearance minute culture.Religious beliefs Taiwan has a large universe of discourse of raft practicing eastern religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and small bits of Confucianism, as well as a small but evolution Christian and Catholic community (Chou, & antiophthalmic factor Chen, 2005). It is also common for man-to-mans to do any(prenominal) intermixture of religions to accommodate their personal root words or desires. some(prenominal) religions in Taiwan in integrated genetic venerate, which is a large part of the unearthly practices in Taiwan. contagious worship even affects field vacations inside Taiwan. Ancestral worship in Taiwan.Ancestral worship is a spiritual act born from the belief that an individuals ancestors have a extendd existence after expiry and that these spirits of deceased family members have the efficacy to influence things in the physical world. Ancestral worship is proficient by some out of respect and honor for their ancestral heritage. For others, however, it is practiced to a greater extent out of idolatry of upsetting spirits that may mayhap influence the individuals mass on earth. In Taiwan, several study holidays are focused around ancestral worship practices.Among these holidays is Tomb Sweeping Day, a holiday where families visit the graves of their ancestors to advert to their burial place as well as pay homage. a nonher(prenominal) holiday which sprang from the traditions of ancestor worship is Ghost Festival, which is a time where people place nutrition outside their homes to feed wandering spirits. Chinese New Year also has its root in the traditions of ancestor worship and is a time a great deal used by families to pay their respects to their ancestors (Newell, 1976). The role of Buddhism in Taiwan.Buddhism and Taoism are the two foremost religions practiced in Taiwan. Combined, they are practiced by much than 75% of the spectral people in Taiwan (USDS, 2008). Although Buddhism teaches the putting digression of earthly ties and possessions, including family, influences from both Taoism and Confucianism and compound some forms of ancestral worship into practiced Buddhism within Taiwan. The role of Taoism in Taiwan. Taoism and Buddhism together are the two largest religions in Taiwan. The beginning of the Taoist religion came from the early Chinese character worshipers.Taoist beliefs center on the idea that all things have a indispensable range and th at by dint of chance uponing harmony with nature one fecal matter obtain timeless life. These beliefs add to the non-confrontational aspects of Taiwans high context culture. The role of Confucianism in Taiwan Confucianism, though practiced in Taiwan by lesser proceedss than Taoism or Buddhism, is to many an honored school of cerebration and good code (USDS, 2008). Very resembling to Taoism, Confucianism has more of a focus on playacting well within society and also ritualistic ancestor worship. The situation of Christianity in Taiwan. Christian churches have been quick in Taiwan for many years, and today, the world includes a small but world-shattering percentage of Christians (USDS, 2008). Both Catholic and Mormon churches are set up in Taiwan, but their bets are practically smaller. A majority of the aboriginal population in Taiwan are Christian. obedient practices good standards are often tied(p) very closely to the culture in which they are practiced. accord to Stedham, Yamanura, and Lai in an denomination examining Japanese and minute morality ethics notify non be understood independent of the crystaliseical anesthetic cultural fabric (2008).Taiwanese persist to be very utilitarian representing a collectivist culture that tends to be more homogeneous and has a greater group orientation (Muk, 2007). Therefore, ethical conclusivenesss made by Taiwanese people are probable to focus on the well world of their social group. Values and attitudes Values are covert and a core element of culture. These invisible values become work out in behavior. Decision making and the resulting actions and behavior are manifestations of the predominant values in a culture (Stedham et al. , 2008).In Taiwan, many of the values center around the individuals social groups, most notably, the family. frugality face is another fixings which often influences and motivates decision making within the Taiwanese culture. The fancy of face is related to t he taste perception for harmony and avoidance of passage of arms. nonpareil aspect of face is concerned with a persons moral character which give the gate only be earned by fulfilling ones obligation to others (Stedham et al. , 2008). brass section also includes ones composition or prestige which can be earned through accomplishments or through bureaucratic or political business office (Stedham et al. 2008). Great lengths volition be taken to avoid situations which might cause abuse or embarrassment for ones self or other resulting in a loss of face. Another factor affecting Taiwanese cultural attitudes is the concept of guanxi, which literally translated means relationship. Having a proficient reputation and relations on both a personal and professional direct is very important to Taiwanese people. Attitudes toward grammatical gender within Taiwanese society. sex, though in the process of equalizing, still plays an important role within Taiwanese society. inquiry indica tes that women in Taiwans concern food commercialize suffer lower earnings than men as job opportunities are not made useable to them callable to the fag market discrimination, family responsibilities, or lack of job mobility (Bishop, Gronder, Liu, & international ampere Chiou, 2007). However, due to the fact that Taiwans industry is constantly growing, with more jobs in the labor market being filled with female workers, discrimination a educest females in both hiring and compensation is effectively change magnitude over time (Bishop et al. , 2007). generational departures. jr. generations tend to follow the phantasmal or ethical guidelines set by their predecessors more out of tradition than true belief. Therefore, there is some movement aside from antecedently accepted religious thoughts and ideas within the junior generations in Taiwan. Recent seek indicates that young Chinese people fancym not to identify themselves with traditional Chinese values and Confucian ethic s. Maybe it is the result of dispute in the midst of east and Western cultures. However, traditional thoughts still significantly influence most people in Chinese ocieties (Lin & Ho, 2009). Social structures Social structures are very important in Taiwan because the culture is quite Unitarian in its design. One of the largest and most central social structures in Taiwan is family and filial piety. piety, because of its widespread acceptance, is also a major social structure in Taiwan. Another important social structure is politics with many people in Taiwan voicing their opinions on political matters, especially those matters dealing with mainland China. military service also has bearing within society, and is an inevitable part of young mens lives in Taiwan due to the fact that military service is compulsory. The importance of filial piety. Especially popular in Confucian households, filial piety is, along with brotherly love, considered the roots of existence. It is rely d that the way set downd virtue and human perfection will become evident as an individual shows care and respect for these roots of humanity (Ruiping, 2006). This belief translates into robust familial ties within the Taiwanese culture, as well as deep feelings of responsibility to ones family.The cultural effects of politics. A Datamonitor country profile of Taiwan stated the jazz of reunification with mainland China continues to dominate domestic politics and international relations. With both the Peoples Republic of China (the mainland) and the Republic of China (Taiwan) claiming to be the legitimate say-so over Taiwanese land, frequent tensions amid the two are common (2010). within Taiwan, the debate over international polity with China is ongoing, with some in privilege of increase ties with the mainland and others advocating more independence for Taiwan.Another aspect of the strained relationship mingled with Taiwan and China is the fact that China has greater infl uence in the planetary arena and has therefore been able to distributor point Taiwans efforts in essay to gain global recognition as a sovereign national by the fall in Nations. China has also threatened severing diplomatic standings with any country to officially recognize Taiwan as its own nation. Therefore, many countries, including the United States re coiffure unofficial diplomatic ties with Taiwan, keeping their official diplomatic status with China intact. mandatory military service. It is written into Taiwanese police that males amid the ages of 18 and 22 are eligible for selective compulsory military service. Service duration is 12 months. Males students look foring higher education can obtain deferments, were they have several years to get along their education before serving their time in the military. Also, any citizen between the ages of 19 and 36 are considered eligible for pen into the Taiwan military (USDS, 2008). program line rearing is a very important part of Taiwanese society.Because of the high population parsimony in Taiwan, there are high aims of competition for spots in top universities as well as positions in the job market. Academic excellency is so emphasized by parents that it often creates attempt for students, who feel pressured to be the best. Emphases on education. crimson though Taiwans laws delegate education through the ninth grade, approximately 95% of students go on to some form of higher education. Many parents see education as the best way to advance their childrens futurity. Taiwan also has a large number of stand up schools for subjects ranging from math and English to sports.Students will often spend several hours after the radiation diagram school day or on weekends getting extra tutoring and find out at bone schools. High try levels in education faced by students. According to statistical analysis by Cheng Kai-Wen, some of the biggest contributors to stress for Taiwanese college students inclu de tending of inferiority, excessively high expectations from parents, anxiety about the future, and lack of sleep (2009). Many parents believe that a better life can be achieved through academic excellence and therefore zip their children to perform well in school.This mind set from parents can lead to children who feel guilt or shame when they are not performing up to expectations. Though Taiwan has not seen the high rates of student suicide that its Asian neighbor South Korea has experienced, it is not unheard of for students to take their own life after poor test performances. high education. Higher education is popular in Taiwan and, due to an increasing number of universities, greater numbers of students are able to attend under-graduate and graduate schools. How are these elements and dimensions integrated by locals conducting business in Taiwan?Successful businesses will understand the culture they are direct within and seek to in corporeal elements of that culture into their policies and practices in send to be more appealing to their set markets. Therefore, many elements of culture will automatically be integrated into locals businesses. In Taiwan, cultural elements such as religion, education, and attitudes are set into the fabric of local businesses. This section will examine how elements such as religion, education, and ethics are taken from the surrounding culture and integrated into local businesses within Taiwan. 1. 2. 3.Religion in local business inquiry done on the affects of religion in business negotiation styles indicated that the principles of Buddhism as well as Confucianism can have an effect on the business making decision made by Taiwanese (Farazmand, Tu, & Daneefard, 2011). Business decision made will take into account the good of the group over the good of the individual. Also, because of the high religious population, there is a large market for items used in religious practices such as incense burners, paper money, go od luck charms, prayer beads, and religious or take a leaknts. cultivation and its effects on businessWith increasing levels of education in Taiwan has come increased competition for better and higher paying jobs. This increased competition has led to a rapid growth in the number of people obtaining higher education degrees, such as masters or doctorate degrees (Wang, 2003). Taiwans miserliness is very open to small business owners, which feeds those with the education and desire to start their own business a have and available environment. Business ethics and attitudes In Taiwan it is believed that ethical standards and moral conduct moldiness come from within business people (Cavico, Majtaba,Venezia, & Venezia, (2011).Many ethical standards and cultural attitudes in Taiwan are grow in their religious beliefs, especially the directions of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Taiwanese businesses incorporate these standards of hard work, and family responsibility. Often, the unwritten cultural norms are relied upon to govern the decisions of employees. Also, the concept of corporate social responsibility is gain more popularity in Taiwan, with more people craft for corporations to prosecute in a more honest and open manner (Ip, 2007). Generational differences.As the crude generations throw away from the traditional religious practices and beliefs held by earlier generations there is also a shift in moral and ethical standards. belief possibly to be a result of the increasing embracement of Western culture, this shift in gullpoint within Taiwan could rattling be beneficial for American businesses within Taiwan due to the fact that the younger generations are travel more towards Western values and ideas. After researching moral knowingness in both the United States and Taiwan, Cavico et al. ecommended a stronger push not only for business ethics education, but for the incorporation of teaching ethics into every aspect of education (2011). How do these factors compare with culture and business within the United States? The differences between high context and low context cultures include communication differences, relational differences, as well as religious and educational differences. seek has shown that there is a significant difference between Taiwan and America in individualism/collectivism attitude (Jung-Tsung, 2010). communicatory differencesCommunication differences between the United States and Taiwan involve so more more than a simple difference of verbalise languages. There is a completely different style of communicating with different backgrounds of discernment as well as different personal beliefs and goals. Businesses in the United States engage within a low context culture whereas businesses in Taiwan operate within a high context culture. To cross this barrier will quest American businesses to have an apprehensiveness of high context communication and managers that are competent of working within a high context environment.Comparing high context and low context cultures. High context communication tends to be more indirect, ambiguous, and minimise than low context communication, which is direct and precise, and expresses feelings and intentions rather open (Usunier, & Roulin, 2010). Therefore, business communication may contain more implied concepts in Taiwan than business communication in the United States. Religion in the piece of work The United States approach to dealing with religion in the workplace has been one of suppressing superficial signs and discussion of religion so as to avoid any potential conflict which may arise.Taiwan tends to be more pass judgment of displays of religion, probably due to their focus on group harmony. Many prominent businessmen in Taiwan are very open about their religious affiliations, making charitable donations in the name of their religion (Hoh, 2002). Religious discussion is allowed and past encouraged, but when issues become u ncomfortable or divisive it is ignored or avoided. Education focus in the US compared to in Taiwan In Taiwan, there is an emphasis put on education by parents and also businesses looking to hire overbold employees.In fact, education is emphasized so heavily that attendance at prinkschoolsis an experience that the majority of Taiwanese have while growing up (Liu, 2012). This causes individuals to seek higher education such as graduate degrees or doctorates in order to obtain highly contended, higher level jobs. Social Structures One of the main differences between Taiwanese social structures and those in the United States is the strong family connection maintained by the Taiwanese people.While Americans still view family as an important group in society, the feelings of filial piety in the United States are not as deep and motivating as they are in Taiwan. Also, religion, while still a factor in American culture is not as prevalent to the culture as it is in Taiwan. What are the im plications for US businesses that longing to conduct business in Taiwan? Businesses seeking to conduct business within Taiwan should have a clear and complete understanding of how business is done in Taiwan.Not only should they key out laws and regulations which will be relevant to their want business, but they must also study the culture to understand the people and what motivates and inspires them. Businesses from the United States who are studying the culture of Taiwan will discover important differences between American and Taiwanese ways of doing business. They will then need to incorporate policy which will successfully blend the require and goals of their business with the needs and goals of the Taiwanese culture. affirmable miscommunicationWhenever companies conduct business in a opposed country, language must be taken into account. The Taiwans national language is Mandarin Chinese, with some of the population speaking Hakka along with some aboriginal dialects. There has been a strong push recently to learn English in Taiwan, with English classes being mandatory in school and a large number of English cram schools open for moreover training. Even so, the English level may be quite low, so American businesses seeking business opportunities in Taiwan should have interpreters who have a complete knowledge of both languages.An understanding of the culture is also important when communicating and research on cultural dos and donts should be conducted before initiating communication to avoid confusion and unintentional offense. For example, it is disgustful in Taiwanese culture to give a clock or abide by to someone as a make because it symbolizes the termination of the relationship. A full understanding of the culture will help businesses from the United States in forming good relationships and create good guanxi for their company in Taiwan (Stedham et al. , 2008). cooperative religious freedomIt is important for American businesses to understan d and facilitate the different religious practices in Taiwan. As simple as insuring employees have adequate time off for important religious holidays and not requiring them to differentiate their religious convictions, such as vegetarianism, respecting and conform to the religious beliefs of the Taiwanese will help to insure the success of a prospective business there. The cultural element of avoiding conflict will help to make sure no religious discrimination or fighting will take place so businesses need not occupy about that aspect as much as they do in America.Ethical policies Businesses from the United States with operations in Taiwan should have ethics policies that are written with the Taiwanese culture in mind. They should mobilize that, often times, there is no need to spell everything out specifically. With the concept of corporate social responsibility become more prevalent in Taiwan, it will be important for American business to cozy up appropriate social involvemen t (Ip, 2007). show employees family focus. One aspect that businesses can encourage their employees to focus on is family.This will demonstrate the companys inscription to one of Taiwans most important social structures, the family. The encouragement and facilitation of strong family ties will go a long way to establish a booming public image for foreign companies operating within Taiwan. Effects of current political environment Taiwans economy is shortly independent of China however, any foreign business in Taiwan would be wise to watch the political relationship between mainland China and Taiwan very closely.Taiwan has been slowly moving towards closer ties with China which would allow China to assert increasing influence over Taiwan. As a consensus emerges in Taiwan on establishing closer relations with China, the unfreeze of political tensions is calling into question the United States deeply ambiguous policy, which is supposed to serve both Taiwans interests (by allowing it to retain its autonomy) and the United States own (by guarding against an expansionist China) (Gilley, 2010).Should China be allowed to exert control over Taiwans economy and political environment it could drastically change the way foreign businesses are allowed to operate in Taiwan. The effects of national health care on business. While health care is not a major cultural issue, it is useful to note that Taiwan currently has nationalized healthcare, offering inexpensive healthcare to all their citizens. While some in Taiwan oppose this system of healthcare because it can be easily abused, national healthcare would affect businesses by lowering their employee insurance coverage costs.Conclusion With hearty ties to the United States and growing acceptance of the Western world, Taiwan is a promising opportunity for businesses from the United States. With minute research and consideration of the culture, Taiwan could be a very profitable venture. American companies in Taiwan shou ld be conscientious not to ignore the strong cultural elements in Taiwan, such as religion, family, and communication differences. However, because of Taiwans willingness and eagerness to work with foreign business and to expand its global presence, it is very open to foreign commerce.Taiwans rapid growth and truehearted economy can be a very useful tool in the future as they seek to gain wider global acceptance. Taiwans favorable economic situation provides the ideal environment for businesses from the United States. American businesses can take advantage of the available workforce and welcoming culture found in Taiwan. Ultimately, Taiwan is a culture that is based in tradition, yet still open to new ideas and influences. The people are friendly and accepting of foreigners into their culture. They are eager to share their culture with others.On the business side of things, Taiwanese companies work together with many American corporations and the both the culture and regulations i n Taiwan in favorable to incoming businesses. Even though Taiwan has faced many challenges in the past and will continue to face those challenges in the future, mainly the trade union movement of reaching satisfactory and beneficial foreign relationships with China, Taiwan has remained strong and continued to grow. Taiwan is certain to have a nacreous future in the world arena. References Bishop, J. A. , Grodner, A. , Liu, H. Chiou, J. (2007). Gender earnings differentials in Taiwan A stochastic frontier approach. journal Of Asian Economics,18(6), 934-945. Chou, T. , Chen, M. (2005). An exploratory investigation of differences in temper traits and faith maturity among major religions in Taiwan. Chinese ledger of Psychology,47(4), 311-327. Datamonitor Taiwan. (2010). Taiwan province Profile, 1-76. Deaton, A. , Paxson, C. (2000). Growth, demographic structure, and national saving in Taiwan. Population and Development Review,26, 141-173. Erling, H. 2002). Buddha business. Far Ea stern Economic Review,165(35), 54. Gilley, B. (2010). Not so dire straits. Foreign Affairs,89(1), 44-60. Hall, E. T. (2000). Context and meaning. In L. A. Samovar R. E. doorkeeper (Eds. ). Intercultural communication A reader (9th ed. ). Belmont, CA Wadsworth Publishing Co. Farazmand, F. A. , Tu, Y. , Daneefard, H. (2011). Is religious culture a factor in negotiation a cross-cultural comparison of Iran, Taiwan and the United States. ledger Of world-wide Business Research,10(1), 27-44. Friedberg, A. (2005). The future of U. S. -China relations Is conflict inevitable? International Security30(2), 7-45 Ip, P. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and crony capitalism in taiwan. daybook of Business morals,77(1-2), 167-177. Jung-Tsung, T. (2010). Cross-cultural comparisons between Taiwan and America. Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business,2(4), 116-129. Kai-Wen, C. (2009). A study of stress sources among college students in Taiwan. Journal Of Academic &am p Business morals,21-8. Kuo-Ying, H. , & Mujtaba, B. G. (2010).Stress, task, and relationship orientations of Taiwanese adults an examination of gender in this high-context culture. Journal Of International Business & Cultural Studies,31-13. Liu, J. (2012). Does cram schooling matter? Who goes to cram schools? Evidence from Taiwan. International Journal Of educational Development,32(1), 46-52. Lin, L. , & Ho, Y. (2009). Confucian dynamism, culture and ethical changes in Chinese societies a comparative degree study of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. International Journal Of valet de chambre Resource Management,20(11), 2402-2417. Muk, A. 2007). Cultural influences on credence of SMS advertising A study of American and Taiwanese consumers. Journal Of Targeting, Measurement & Analysis For Marketing,16(1), 39-47. Newell, W. H. (1976). Ancestors. Chicago, IL Aldine Publishing Company. Ruiping, F. (2006). Confucian Filial Piety and Long stipulation Care for Aged Parents. HEC Forum,18(1), 1-17. Satterlee, B. (2009). Cross telephone Commerce(pp. 40-43). Roanoke, VA Synergistics Inc. Stedham, Y. , Yamanura, J. H. , & LAI, S. (2008). Business Ethics in Japan and Taiwan Relativist and useful Perspectives.Asia Pacific Business Review,14(4), 535-551. United States section of State, Background Note Taiwan. (2008). Background Notes on Countries of the World Taiwan, 1-12. Usunier, J. , & Roulin, N. (2010). The influence of high- and low-context communication styles on the design, content, and language of business-to-business web sites. Journal Of Business Communication,47(2), 189-227. Vadra, R. (2010). Indias Trade with Asian Tigers. Journal Of Marketing & Management,1(1), 49-69. Venezia, C. C. , Venezia, G. , Cavico, F. J. , & Mujtaba, B. G. (2011). Is Ethics