A Cornucopia of Views on Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Cornucopia of Views on Democracy - Essay Example Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke, Mill, and Kant are philosophers who have taken human nature and natural laws into consideration when they discussed democracy. Hobbes, for one, digs into man’s right to life and survival. According to him, natural laws are governed by the fact that man needs to fight for his survival. It is natural for man to seek peace in his life but if he gets into conflict with others due to competition, diffidence, and glory, then he has the right to defend himself in order to restore his peace. With competition, he fights for gain, with diffidence, he fights for safety and with glory, he fights for his own reputation. Thus, although he seeks peace and knows he deserves it without hurting anybody if he is threatened of such peace, then he can wage war in order to get his peace back. Hobbes also contends that a person’s rights, when renounced or transferred to others, are entered into social contracts, such as when people entrust their rights to a ruler. Th is means that all persons must mutually agree to transfer their right to a political sovereign or in Hobbes’ term, the state of Leviathan. It is also agreed that this state punishes violators of the agreement to obey the laws of society. The ruler’s power should come from the natural right of people to live in peace. Similarly, Locke believes that man is governed by natural law but goes further in saying that it is the manifestation of human reason which restricts the egoism of pure self-interest such as having one’s individual peace.  ... Hobbes also contends that a person’s rights, when renounced or transferred to others, are entered into social contracts, such as when people entrust their rights to a ruler. This means that all persons must mutually agree to transfer their right to a political sovereign or in Hobbes’ term, the state of Leviathan. It is also agreed that this state punishes violators of the agreement to obey the laws of society. The ruler’s power should come from the natural right of people to live in peace. Similarly, Locke believes that man is governed by natural law, but goes further in saying that it is the manifestation of human reason which restricts the egoism of pure self-interest such as having one’s individual peace and liberty, and promoting more sociable benefits. Locke proposes that man has three basic natural rights: to life, liberty and property. When people entrust a leader to these, it should not be absolute but only partial. Rulers are also vulnerable to th e temptation of hoarding power. People are comfortable obeying the government as long as their individual rights are protected, thereby enhancing their freedom. Should they feel that it fails to do so, or that government violates their rights, they would feel the need to fight against it to regain their rights. Aristotle believes that the state should cater to the needs of its citizens and does not exist only for the sake of maintaining lives, but more than that, achieving good lives. He believes in communal service, that all citizens should share in the administration of justice and should not encourage one to live only for himself. Those who are self-sufficient and do not need others to survive are seen as outcasts because it is believed that a social instinct is implanted in all people by nature. Since

Knowledge is Everlasting Essay Essay Example for Free

Knowledge is Everlasting Essay Essay One may ask, â€Å"What is knowledge?† I understand Knowledge to be the intellectual ability of being able to understand the events in the world based on principles learn from one’s experiences. Once Knowledge is truly gained, can it be lost? I believe that if one is truly knowledgeable about something it is rather impossible that such knowledge can merely vaporize into thin air. Many people claim that they have indeed â€Å"lost knowledge†but sadly all they lost was information they memorized. Conversely, knowledge involves the careful observation of events, reasoning as to how and why these observations occur, and also learning through experiencing. Furthermore, I have come to recognize the eternal quality of knowledge based on biological facts, and also during my own daily experiences. From a biological point of view, the permanency of knowledge has been proven to be true, through the realization of the brain’s vast characteristics such as memory cells. When an individual learns something for the first time, this information gets stored by memory cells in the brain. Then the next time the individual is encountered with a situation involving or requiring such knowledge, for its interpretation, the brain accesses the stored datafrom the memory cells. This data it had gained from prior experiences. For example, the scenario of the first time one peels an orange. Individuals were not created with the instructions of how to peel an orange imprinted in their DNA. Rather, it must be learned from experience. Therefore,the first step in peeling an orange is gathering information from a source about the necessary method of success.After which, one acquires the apparatus (the knife and orange) and sinks the blade into the peel slightly, so the blade goes just beneath the surface. Then gently glides the blade through the peel to reveal the white layer underneath. After removing all the peel, the orange is sliced into two halves revealing the pulp. Of course, on the first try one might make mistakes and not peel the orange so perfectly. However, upon each ot her trial of peeling an orange one’s technique become more  mastered.Soon,a point is reached where it is possible to peel an orange without thinking how to do it. Clearly, knowledge is always permanently stored in the brain’s memory cells for future use. Additionally, knowledge also becomes magnified each time it is applied and verified in different situations. Often time, true knowledge gets confused with its close relative, memorizing. The fact stands that memorizing and being knowledgeable about something are two completely different concepts. Speaking from my own experiences, studying for an exam is a typical example where memorizing and obtaining knowledge interact closely and may become intertwined. For instance, during the course of studying for an exam there are some definitions of theories that I merely memorized. The result was that I forgot them after the exam since all I did was replicate the definitions on the exam paper. Still, there were some cases in which I had gained knowledge of things I still remember. This was because, I read about the concepts in greater detail beyond their definition and actually understood the concepts and applied them to real life situations. The misperception of memorizations for knowledge is very common among people and so they tend to misinterpret the principle of knowledgeable, thereby failing to see the permanent nature of knowledge relative to the temporary and limited character of memorizing. I believe rather than dying, knowledge grows with experience and constantly metamorphosis into an even higher level of knowledge. It is intensely evident that knowledge is perpetual. Moreover, knowledge is limitless as it goes beyond mere memorizing of data and events, towards developing an understanding of the observations made during life’s experiences. My belief is reflected in the common rhyme I was taught in school, â€Å"silver and gold may vanish away, but a good education will never decay†. Thus, the lifetime of knowledge is so vast and unlimited that it is given higher value above even the most precious minerals on Earth, such as silver and gold.Wouldn’t you agree that the truly most valuable trea sure known to mankind is knowledge? Works Cited Quindel, Emilie. our local history. 02 December 2012. WordPress. 10 September 2013 .

Discover the Intricacies of Agoraphobia Essay examples -- Mental Illne

Among the many diseases in this world, some of the most interesting and least understood are illnesses of the mind. One aliment in particular, Agoraphobia, is of particular interest to me as it affects many of my family members in ways both subtle and drastic, and I cannot help but wonder if I too will fall victim to it. I know from previous knowledge that this particular ailment is a mental one, though I have witnessed it causing drastic physical symptoms, and that it generally involves a fear of leaving home for an open, public place. Through research, I aim to find the cause of agoraphobia, including anything that predisposes one to it, and treatments for it, including both medications and therapy. I would also like to know just how much of this disease is genetic versus learned. In the end, I hope to answer my questions and discover the intricacies of agoraphobia. My research process began like any other, a thousand questions and a blind dive into the unknown. The first step I took was going to the professor recommended database, NCLive, typing in â€Å"agoraphobia,† and seeing what articles resulted from that. From there, I fine tuned the search options, blocking outdated sources and ones that were not peer reviewed, until a reasonable amount of articles remained. I found many of these articles to be useful, though I ultimately I narrowed it down to three because many sources were too narrow to answer more than one of my questions. Medical research papers and regulations were of use to me in particular, as they offered a straightforward answer in regards to what processes are involved in the treatment of agoraphobia. There were of course a few of articles that served to be counterproductive to my research, as the information... ...he assignment itself, I have learned many things about research and intend to employ such new knowledge on my next paper. I will be more aware of my tendencies, and push myself to look at longer sources and to look at all sources more thoroughly because I know this will help me to make an ultimately better research paper. Works Cited Andrew Baillie, et al. "Summary Of Guideline For The Treatment Of Panic Disorder And Agoraphobia." Australasian Psychiatry 11.1 (2003): 29-33. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 Mar. 2012. Holmes, Joshua. "Space And The Secure Base In Agoraphobia: A Qualitative Survey." Area 40.3 (2008): 375-382. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Feb. 2012. Miller, Michael C. "What Is Agoraphobia?." Harvard Mental Health Letter 27.11 (2011): 8. Academic Search Complete. Web. 8 Mar. 2012. Pistole, Linda. Personal interview. 2 March 2012.

American Government Essay

Introduction There are different ways to which issues in the society can be expressed in relation to emotions, thoughts and artistry. In various eras, movies have been used to tackle issues on religions, philosophies, and even the thoughts and emotions of the writers and directors during the time it is being filmed. For example, the movies entitled Blue Collar, Norma Rae and Roger and Me are movies wherein the problems on employment in any societies have been tackled accordingly. During the time of the creation of the movies, there have been apparent issues with employment that needs to be addressed by the government. Apparently, the theme of conservatism and the plight to destroy it is was the main theme of the three movies mentioned. The motivational principle that has been applied in the course of generating an understanding of the concept of conservatism as highlighted in the movies is sovereignty. It is very elementary to say that in the democratic and liberal forms of government, the sovereign power resides in the people. Under this concept, it cannot be denied that men are only equal before the law and of God. Aside from it, there is no equality. By this, it only means that men are protected only as far as laws and God is concerned. Body Noting this kind of principle is the apparent absence of equality in terms of the social, political and even economic aspects of human being. In terms of the social aspect, it can be seen that men are distinct from women. There is a status quo that should be adhered upon especially when treating men and women. They are not equal under the social order of the society. Men are considered higher in terms of intelligence, capabilities and social status. As per women, they are made to be inside their houses and taking care of the children and of their husbands. It is as if saying that women and men played totally different roles in the society. One is for the house while the other is for the working. Such difference in the social standing of men and women is apparent and to remind people of the principle that aside from law and God, no equality can be measured outside such borders. Women cannot and must not force the society to accept and treat them in the same manner that men are being t reated because it will never be in that way under the conservative theory of governance (Garcia, 2008). The basic foundation of governance that has been tackled in the movies is comprised of the idealism that a just and humane society must be formed. It must be understood that the State should promote a just and dynamic social order. This is accomplished through policies that provide adequate social services. Every society must ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty. Hence, it means all people not just the aristocratic few. The goal is to reduce the political and economic power of the privileged few by equalizing widely differing standards and opportunities for advancement and to raise the masses of the people from their poverty to a qualitative life worthy of human dignity. With the eradication of mass poverty being experienced of a nation, the State solves at the same time a chain of social problems that comes with it; social unrest, breakdown of family systems, diseases, ignorance, criminality, and low productivity. Policies must only be created to promote social justice in all phases of national development. In the fulfillment of this duty, the State must give preferential attention to the welfare of the less fortunate members of the community—the poor, the underprivileged and those who have less in life for the benefit of the whole nation. On the issue of economic equality, on the other hand, the movies have made it clear that there are economic differences between the poor and the rich. No equality are being afforded to them. The rich people are getting more privileges in the society as compared to the poor. The poor can never get such privileges because it is just for the rich to experience and enjoy. Since there is no equality, the poor gets poorer with each passing day while the rich gets richer by the hour. There is a distinct role that separates the rich and the poor. While the rich pose as the employers, the poor works as slaves to earn a living. There is equality and hence, no growth and improvement is being afforded to the latter (Funnel, 2009). Conclusion Undeniably, there is an inherent advantage in adopting a development strategy that promotes industrialization and full employment without giving more importance on gender issues. An important aspect of industrializations is that it generates a high level of employment. Factories and industrial sites create job opportunities and thus create sources of livelihood for the people. The high incidence of poverty in the country is rooted in the social scourge that is unemployment. The nation will never recover economically, and social peace and political stability will never come to our land as long as the problem of mass poverty persists. The first step towards the solution of the problem is therefore, the creation of massive work opportunities that will absorb millions of unemployed and underemployed labor in the country, and this can only be done through full and rapid industrialization. But nevertheless, despite the different trajectories that has impacted the lives of the nation and the people inhabiting the place. Ironically, it can be said that whatever the advocates of conservatism have fought for in their lifetimes it has all been gone because of the fact that changes have constantly brought liberalism to the nation. It is one that completely rejects advice or assistance from without. To be realistic, a policy must have global outlook in view of the deleterious effect on the country’s relations with other countries with policies that revolve only on the relations with select members of the international community. Bibliography Funnel, W. (2009). In Government We Trust: Market failure and the Delusions of Privatization. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press. Garcia, J. (2008). Up to our Eyeballs: How Shady Lenders and Failed Econoimc Policies are Drowning Americans in Debt. New York: The New Press.

Center For Writing Excellence Essay

All resources available at CWE is aimed at the capacity edifice of the pupils to grok the authorship manners and therefore enables them to bring forth comprehensive. perfect and original documents. These assisting resources range from Grammar ushers to package tutorials. The first set of tutorials includes grammar usher and common English mistakes which help out pupils in developing a perfect manner that is barren of grammatical defects. The following set of tutorials is assorted instructions about developing and forming instance surveies. lineations and annotated bibliographies and utilizing APA commendation manner. It besides contains assorted paradigms that help pupils understand use these assorted types and forms of composing. Following in the series are assorted tools and packages that help pupils forming their authorship stuff. It includes â€Å"Citation Generator† and â€Å"Thesis Statement Generator† . The forms and processs about composing an essay is an of import usher. In terminal the CWE offers assorted ready to hand tutorials about assorted MS softwares that enable pupils to larn and utilize these packages more efficaciously. For me. the two most of import resources are the Grammar and Writing Guides and Essay Guidelines. CWE has devoted a complete web site to Grammar guideline that manifests the importance of grammar in the authorship procedure. I was ne'er well-versed in grammar and this affected my writing manner. This grammar mechanics helped me to a great extent to take my blemished writing manner and to develop a new technique with least grammatical mistakes. The trials helped me greatly to understand my present degree and inculcated in me a spirit to better my grammar and informal look. Essay usher is the other available resource stuff that helped me to hold on assorted stairss involved in bring forthing a good essay written with a intent and for an intended audience. I ne'er had a wont of revising my written stuff but these guidelines compelled me to reexamine my Hagiographas.

Free Essays on Recalled To Life

â€Å"Recalled to Life† Throughout A Tale of Two Cities the major theme, â€Å"Recalled to life" exists and flourishes. It all begins when Jerry Cruncher receives a letter that states "RECALLED TO LIFE"; this simple quote sums up, and foreshadows most of the happenings in the novel. The simple letter â€Å"RECALLED TO LIFE† corresponds to Dr. Manette and one of the many times he was â€Å"Recalled to life†. The first and most dramatic instance in which Dr. Manette was â€Å"Recalled to life† occurred at the beginning of the novel when Lorry and Lucie discover the mad doctor. When asked his name, Dr. Manette responds â€Å"One Hundred and Five, North Tower†, concluding him as mad. Later Lorry and Lucie nurse the doctor back to health, thus he was â€Å"Recalled to life†. Afterward Dr. Manette repeats the process of going mad after finding out about Charles Darney’s secret and once again is â€Å"Recalled to life† by Lucie. â€Å"Recalled to life† also clearly relates to Charles Darney numerous times. The first time Charles is â€Å"Recalled to life† occurs at the beginning while Charles is on trial for treason. Most certainly, Charles would have been tortured and executed if found guilty but Sydney Carton, who is representing Charles, uses his wit to save Charles and recall him from life. Later in the novel Charles is â€Å"Recalled to life† with the help of Sydney Carton. The final and most significant instance of the popular theme â€Å"recalled to life† involves both Sydney Carton and Charles Darney. At the end of the novel, Charles, despite Dr. Manette’s attempts to save him, is on trial once again for treason. The only person left to revive Charles from a certain death, Sydney Carton, must first change himself. Sydney Carton, regardless of his intelligence, has led a drunkard, meaningless life. Sydney cunningly switches places with Charles Darney and sacrifices himself to make Lucie happy. Sydney says "It is a far, far better ... Free Essays on Recalled To Life Free Essays on Recalled To Life â€Å"Recalled to Life† Throughout A Tale of Two Cities the major theme, â€Å"Recalled to life" exists and flourishes. It all begins when Jerry Cruncher receives a letter that states "RECALLED TO LIFE"; this simple quote sums up, and foreshadows most of the happenings in the novel. The simple letter â€Å"RECALLED TO LIFE† corresponds to Dr. Manette and one of the many times he was â€Å"Recalled to life†. The first and most dramatic instance in which Dr. Manette was â€Å"Recalled to life† occurred at the beginning of the novel when Lorry and Lucie discover the mad doctor. When asked his name, Dr. Manette responds â€Å"One Hundred and Five, North Tower†, concluding him as mad. Later Lorry and Lucie nurse the doctor back to health, thus he was â€Å"Recalled to life†. Afterward Dr. Manette repeats the process of going mad after finding out about Charles Darney’s secret and once again is â€Å"Recalled to life† by Lucie. â€Å"Recalled to life† also clearly relates to Charles Darney numerous times. The first time Charles is â€Å"Recalled to life† occurs at the beginning while Charles is on trial for treason. Most certainly, Charles would have been tortured and executed if found guilty but Sydney Carton, who is representing Charles, uses his wit to save Charles and recall him from life. Later in the novel Charles is â€Å"Recalled to life† with the help of Sydney Carton. The final and most significant instance of the popular theme â€Å"recalled to life† involves both Sydney Carton and Charles Darney. At the end of the novel, Charles, despite Dr. Manette’s attempts to save him, is on trial once again for treason. The only person left to revive Charles from a certain death, Sydney Carton, must first change himself. Sydney Carton, regardless of his intelligence, has led a drunkard, meaningless life. Sydney cunningly switches places with Charles Darney and sacrifices himself to make Lucie happy. Sydney says "It is a far, far better ...

What Makes A Horror Film Entertaining essays

What Makes A Horror Film Entertaining essays In horror films, there is always one scene that opens up the perceived realm of normality to that of fear and confusion. Directors and authors alike use these scenes to show the change in the pace of the film. In both the movie Psycho (1960) and Carrie (1976), shower scenes are used to mark this epic turning point with sexuality, blood and voyeurism; the most important ingredients to horror. The idea of sneaking around and peering into forbidden places gives just about everyone a thrill. Voyeurism is used strongly in both Psycho and Carrie due to its ability to entice thrill in the viewer. In Carrie, we start the scene by looking into a girls high school locker room; scantily clad or naked girls moving in slow-motion in front of the camera give the thrill of both trespassing and the chance of being caught. The camera gradually slides across the locker room floor, slowly so as to allow us to look at the changing girls. We stop at the last row and are slowly walked into the steamy row of showers where we find a naked Carrie White (Sissy Spacek). In Psycho, after Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins) leaves Marion Crane (Janet Leigh) to her room, he goes back to his office for a reason were not quite clear about yet. He hesitates at the wall between his office and Marions room, glancing around for anyone who might be watching him. The rooms under-lighting gives both Norman and th e stuffed birds around him an evil and devious look. Finally he looks at the wall and removes a painting, a painting depicting the Rape of Lucretia, and reveals a peephole into Marions hotel room. He puts his eye up to the hole and we are graced - 1 with the view of Marion in just a black bra and slip, the color hinting to the illicitness of the moment. We are then given an extreme close-up of Normans eye, staring wide into the room; the view we have gives us the thrill of actually being there, watching Ma ...

Understanding and Identifying Douglas Firs

Understanding and Identifying Douglas Firs Douglas fir  (or Doug fir) is the English name applied in common to most evergreen coniferous trees of the genus Pseudotsuga  which is in the family Pinaceae. There are five species, two in western North America, one in Mexico, and two in eastern Asia. Douglas Fir Is Confusing to Taxonomists The firs most common name honors a Scottish botanist by the name of David Douglas, a collector of botanical specimens who first reported the extraordinary nature and potential of the species. On his second expedition to North Americas Pacific Northwest in 1824, he discovered what was to eventually be scientifically named Pseudotsuga menziesii. Because of its distinctive cones, Douglas firs were finally placed in the new genus Pseudotsuga (meaning false Tsuga) by the French botanist Carrià ¨re in 1867. Doug firs gave 19th-century botanists problems due to their similarity to various other conifers better known at the time; they have at times been classified as Pinus, Picea, Abies, Tsuga, and even Sequoia. The Common North American Douglas Fir Douglas fir is one of the most important timber trees on earth in terms of forest products. It can grow large over centuries but will usually be harvested within a century because of its wood value. The good news is that it is a common non-endangered tree and the most plentiful western conifer in North America. This common fir has two Pacific coastal and Rocky Mountain variants or varieties. The coastal tree grows to a height of 300 feet where the Rocky Mountain variety only reaches 100 feet.   Pseudotsuga menziesii  var. menziesii  (called coastal Douglas fir) grows  in the moist coastal regions from west-central  British Columbia  southward to central  California. These firs in Oregon and Washington range from the  eastern edge of the Cascade mountain range to the Pacific ocean.Pseudotsuga menziesii  var. glauca  (called Rocky Mountain Douglas fir) is a smaller fir that tolerates drier sites and grows along with the coastal variety and throughout the Rocky Mountains to Mexico. Quick Identification of Douglas Fir Douglas fir is not a true fir so both the needle formations and the unique cone can throw you off. The cone has unique snake tongue-like forked bracts creeping out from under the scales. These cones are nearly always intact and plentiful both on and under the tree. True firs have needles that are upturned and not whorled. Doug fir is not a true fir and needles are singly wrapped around the twig and between 3/4 to  1.25 inches long with a white line underneath. The needles are deciduous (but may persist), linear or needle-like, not prickly like spruce, and singly whorled around the twig. Doug fir is also a  favorite Christmas tree  and adapts well to commercial plantations well out of its natural range. The Most Common North American Conifer List Baldcypress  CedarDouglas firFirHemlock  Larch PineRedwoodSpruce

How can implementing the importance of education upon our youth Speech or Presentation

How can implementing the importance of education upon our youth fortify our chances for a better tomorrow - Speech or Presentation Example Due to this reason, the youth sometimes overlooks the more obvious advantages of equipping oneself with a solid education before venturing into the career world. They lose sight of the fact that education gives a person a universally recognized advantage in the job market, helps them take advantage of opportunities, which ignorant people would waste, and contributes to their growing as a person in a unique way. These, amongst several other reasons, show us why it is imperative for responsible guardians and role models of today to impress the importance of education upon their youth. One argument that people often raise against education is that it is usually not even relevant to a person’s school and education, what job they end up doing. This argument has been substantiated with proof over the last decade, as people graduate from engineering schools and go on to start a business, or people who have studied accountancy for several years grow up to be social workers (Schwartz e t al, pp. 198 – 192). It is not possible to detect a pattern in these random yet common examples, except the obvious pattern, which is that all these people studied years to obtain degrees, which they never utilized in their careers. This, however, does not mean that the education they obtained was useless. It only indicates a lack of proper decision-making and awareness at the age when these people chose their college majors. Had the same person who became a social worker thought thoroughly about what they wanted to when choosing a major earlier, they would have never spent four years studying accountancy when it had no relevance in their career. They would have instead studied something more relevant, like communication or social sciences. Jim Collins, the author of ‘Good to Great’ introduces the Hedgehog Concept for such young people struggling to make a career choice (Collins, pp. 130-150). He tells them to find a career for which all of the following three c haracteristics apply: it is economically feasible for them to do, they are passionate about that career, and they have the skills required for such a career. According to this leadership expert, once a person identifies such a career, they should concentrate fully on trying to achieve it, whether this entail getting more education pertaining to it, or more experience. If a young student trying to choose a major applies this principal from the start, they are almost certain to choose an educational path that will facilitate their career, instead of going to waste. Moreover, there is no doubt that a person applying for a job while having the necessary education for it is much more likely to get the job, as opposed to someone who is either uneducated, or educated in an irrelevant field. For this reason especially, the youth should consider education an imperative part of their preparation to become adults and survive in the career world. Apart from this major aid in career advancement, education also presents itself as a tool to living a better life (Randall, pp. 457). It may not act as a complete guarantee to a better life, but it is a tool that helps a person perceives their life more clearly, whether this is in identifying opportunities or avoiding problems of several kinds. For instance, a person educating themselves in health and nutrition will be prepared not only for a

The Homeless Policy in New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Homeless Policy in New York City - Essay Example In addition, the viability of community policing as an efficient strategy in augmenting the policy will be addressed from a social and historical perspective. a. A supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for the mentally ill); As a general overview, homelessness is on the rise all over the country. According to the U.S. Conference of Mayors in as study spanning 24 major cities , the demand for different forms of emergency shelter "had increased by 13% in 2001, and had swelled to 25% in 2005.. All in all, 71% of the cities registered an increase from the previous year." (Mayors, 2005) Aside from that, people were homeless for an average of seven months, a very disturbing figure which only continues to grow annually. In New York, Port Authority had banned panhandling in PATH subway stations and bus terminals nearly two decades ago, and this was a ruling that has been repeatedly been upheld by the Supreme Court. With dwindling funding and inadequate support from the local government, the common perception is that these big cities have turned their backs on the homeless. It is a pressing problem that is constantly looking us in the eye, and yet is continually ignored. Historically, homelessness started its rapid rise in the 1980's, when the Reagan administration cut public funding for low-cost housing in half. To further illustrate this, "between 1980 and 1989 the Department of Housing and Urban Development's budget was slashed from $74 billion to $19 billion". (Dreier, 2004) This resulted in an a shortfall in the availability of low-cost housing, just as the population in the concerned areas was increasing. It is widely believed that a lot of those displaced by these measures ended up in the streets, resulting in an exponential jump in the national homeless numbers. Coupled with the deinstitutionalization of mental hospitals which also displaced a lot of mentally ill patients, the city was being faced with a chronic and nagging problem that was turning critical by the day. New York was at the center of this social unrest in 1988, "when a riot erupted in Tompkins Square Park as police forcibly attempted to enforce a freshly-signed curfew on the park"(Purdum, 1988) This curfew was widely viewed as a thinly veiled attempt to evict the homeless residing in the park., and it quickly turned into a human rights snafu as numerous innocent bystanders were caught up in the fracas. Civic-minded organizations within the city tried their very best to assist the

Gay marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Gay marriage - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, it is undeniable that gay marriages have become a part of the modern society and their prohibition, there is still people practicing homosexuality and the definition of marriage seemingly comprises people instead of man and woman (John, et al 2). In a worrying trend, more people are jumping into the bandwagon and acquiescing to same sex marriage mostly due to the misinformed notion that by outlawing gay marriage governments effectively show they can take away people’s rights. However, it is worth noting that continued embracing of these unions both legally and eclectically is in the long term bound to have the effect of undermining the value of marriage. This paper will present and defend the arguments against gay marriage and criticize some of the arguments for it in an attempt to contest the validity of same sex unions. The bible presents the basis of reasoning in the Judaic and Christian respect; consider the story of creation, initially God created Adam a sexually undifferentiated entity then from him produced two differentiated entities man and woman. Considering this was the only resulting different between Eve and Adam, then it goes without saying that to reconstitute the sexual whole, erotic intimacy achieved in the process of heterosexual coitus will be required. In this respect, homosexual intimacy cannot constitute marriage since it will be devoid of the sexual compatibility and complementariness that would characteristic of opposite sex unions; thus, is in contradiction to the original order of nature (Robert). This biblical scripture further condemn the actions in a more overt way both in the new and Old Testament, in Corinthians Paul condemns â€Å"men who lie with males† and classifies them among other diabolic individual unlikely to have a stake in the heavenly empire. Islamic faith also condemns the practice and evidence of this can be seen

Management Maturity Model Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Management Maturity Model - Research Paper Example Killen and Hunt (2013) stressed the maturity level of any project and argued that the project maturity level is directly linked to the long term value of the project portfolio and resource allocation. Apart from Killen and Hunt (2013), other research scholars such as Rad and Levin (2006) and Pellegrinelli and Garangna (2009) have also stressed that project management maturity model is one of the crucial factors for any project management team. In the context of theoretical arguments of research scholars and project managers, the researcher has decided to shed light on project management maturity model with the help of both practical examples and theoretical hypotheses. Although the researcher is a project manager, throughout the paper the researcher will take a conjectural view in order to address the research problem in a fact-driven manner. Project Management Maturity Model Korbel and Benedict defined a project management maturity model (PMMM) as the systematic framework for a project management team to perform benchmarking and deliver value to the modern organization. A maturity model is basically an assessment approach by which an organization compares its project performance with the industry’s best practices and prepares a structured pathway to improve the existing processes. Korbel and Benedict pointed out a number of benefits associated with project management maturity models (PMMM) such as cost saving, an increase in the preciseness of project schedules and improvement of the quality of the project. ... f research scholars and project managers, the researcher has decided to shed light on project management maturity model with the help of both practical examples and theoretical hypotheses. Although the researcher is a project manager, throughout the paper the researcher will take a conjectural view in order to address the research problem in a fact-driven manner. Project Management Maturity Model Korbel and Benedict (2007) defined a project management maturity model (PMMM) as the systematic framework for a project management team to perform benchmarking and deliver value to the modern organization. The maturity model is basically an assessment approach by which an organization compares its project performance with the industry’s best practices and prepares a structured pathway to improve the existing processes. Korbel and Benedict (2007) pointed out a number of benefits associated with project management maturity models (PMMM) such as cost saving, increase in preciseness of pr oject schedules and improvement of quality of the project. Research scholars have found a positive relationship between project performance and project maturity level. The relationship can be depicted in the following manner; Figure 1: Relationship Between Project Maturity Level & Project Performance (Source: Korbel & Benedict, 2007) The above mentioned model is showing that the performance of a project increases as its maturity level increases. The researcher believes that there cannot be one PMM model which can be used in all projects. As a project manager, the researcher has recalibrated the PMM model in order to satisfy the interests of the stakeholders of the project. For example, a PMM model for a health and safety project differs significantly from that for a construction project.

Hotel Service Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Hotel Service Operations Management - Assignment Example The company intends on becoming a four-star hotel by increasing professionalism as well as the auxiliary services that characterize its dealing in the working calendar. The business is outstanding the test of time with reference to the returns on capital employed index. Thus, the company in the fourth year of its practice will improve on the pricing, the promotion, the distribution, the staffing and the environmental measures. In accordance to the fields, the company anticipates in growing past the mark that is evident in the third-year net income. The HOTS hotel is a three star in the rating of services. The reason is that the services that the hotel offers are much more affordable. The services include a swimming pool, a telephone, a television set, a private bathroom, twenty-four hours front office and an available room service attendant. The hotel also provides a fitness center as well as massage services plus sauna services. In the last three years, the hotel did not quite reach full potential. However, the hotel did have several achievements. The first is the development of careers especially the workers who have become more professional. The hotel has found special links that pose as a vast consumer base. The company is also gaining popularity from the consistent adverts of good services in the services industry. The hotel as per the graph shows a positive growth in terms of the total income in the first year. However, there is no stable income since the seasons in the hospitality industry creates the instability. However, the total revenue tends to increase as the second year of practice. The firm starts at a significant pace but does not sustain the bigger number of the total revenue. Thus, the total revenues drop again as the year elopes. The scenario repeats in the third year thus creating s cyclic history of the practice. The net income tends to be negative since the firm does not reach the cutoff point

Management Maturity Model Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Management Maturity Model - Research Paper Example Killen and Hunt (2013) stressed the maturity level of any project and argued that the project maturity level is directly linked to the long term value of the project portfolio and resource allocation. Apart from Killen and Hunt (2013), other research scholars such as Rad and Levin (2006) and Pellegrinelli and Garangna (2009) have also stressed that project management maturity model is one of the crucial factors for any project management team. In the context of theoretical arguments of research scholars and project managers, the researcher has decided to shed light on project management maturity model with the help of both practical examples and theoretical hypotheses. Although the researcher is a project manager, throughout the paper the researcher will take a conjectural view in order to address the research problem in a fact-driven manner. Project Management Maturity Model Korbel and Benedict defined a project management maturity model (PMMM) as the systematic framework for a project management team to perform benchmarking and deliver value to the modern organization. A maturity model is basically an assessment approach by which an organization compares its project performance with the industry’s best practices and prepares a structured pathway to improve the existing processes. Korbel and Benedict pointed out a number of benefits associated with project management maturity models (PMMM) such as cost saving, an increase in the preciseness of project schedules and improvement of the quality of the project. ... f research scholars and project managers, the researcher has decided to shed light on project management maturity model with the help of both practical examples and theoretical hypotheses. Although the researcher is a project manager, throughout the paper the researcher will take a conjectural view in order to address the research problem in a fact-driven manner. Project Management Maturity Model Korbel and Benedict (2007) defined a project management maturity model (PMMM) as the systematic framework for a project management team to perform benchmarking and deliver value to the modern organization. The maturity model is basically an assessment approach by which an organization compares its project performance with the industry’s best practices and prepares a structured pathway to improve the existing processes. Korbel and Benedict (2007) pointed out a number of benefits associated with project management maturity models (PMMM) such as cost saving, increase in preciseness of pr oject schedules and improvement of quality of the project. Research scholars have found a positive relationship between project performance and project maturity level. The relationship can be depicted in the following manner; Figure 1: Relationship Between Project Maturity Level & Project Performance (Source: Korbel & Benedict, 2007) The above mentioned model is showing that the performance of a project increases as its maturity level increases. The researcher believes that there cannot be one PMM model which can be used in all projects. As a project manager, the researcher has recalibrated the PMM model in order to satisfy the interests of the stakeholders of the project. For example, a PMM model for a health and safety project differs significantly from that for a construction project.

Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Paper 1 - Essay Example How many people take the snake for granted? Indeed, how many people respond to snakes the way we did in this story? A few years ago, I paid a visit to a High School friend in Pottsville, New South Wales over my winter break. My friends name was Nimrod and he had another English friend living with him at the time named Gareth. My friend’s home was a somewhat dilapidated weatherboard house that had ample air conditioning in the form of holes. Gareth, on one sunny day, decided to take a bath in the old school and â€Å"holey† bathroom where we could make out his joyous renditions of raucous rugby songs. The shriek was totally out of the blue and surprising. â€Å"ARRRGGHHH†, he shouted, followed by the slamming of the bathroom door. We saw him run off, naked as a newborn, for the woodheap. He rummaged in the woodheap and retrieved one rather tribal-looking axe before heading back into the bathroom. â€Å"I got you, you slimy b****. There is nowhere to slither to,â €  he cried, accompanied by thumping sounds. Nimrod and I decided to go and see what Gareth was so worked up about. Imagine how horrified we were to see Gareth, axe clasped in hand, standing naked, triumphantly, astride a very large snake that he had chopped into pieces. I looked at Nimrod, and he was as horrified as I was since we knew the snake. He was Oprah, his neighbor’s pet ratter, who was a rather friendly and lugubrious house python, at least two meters in length, and who had a liking for resting beneath Nimrod’s bed. Gareth, seeing our faces, tried incoherently to explain that the snake had come at him from the roof. â€Å"Would you have cuddled him?† he queried. Indeed, what would have been your reaction in a situation such as this? It is my reckoning that the snake would have been victim to the same fate in 70% of situations, and many would empathize wholly with Gareth. If this is true, then maybe there is a need to better look at the snake. Earth does not simply have life but a web of life on it. This web stretches and wobbles as the existence of tens of millions of species teeter in a precarious balance with one nurturing resource in the form of earth. Flora, mammals, fishes, birds, reptiles, insects, and all life are interconnected. It is for this reason that science has raised the concern of extinction for many species in the world. Wiping out other species, for example, the less likeable species like snakes, will lead to a significant imbalance in the environment, creating a void in the life web that, eventually, may destroy the web and decimate life, as we know it on earth. Snakes and creatures that humans think are ugly to look at have become a major concern worldwide, especially in habitats that are congested with human habitats overlapping with snake populations. In New South Wales, where Nimrod lives, he told me that the snake habitats had been exploited, and this forced the two species; snakes and humans, to co-exi st. In fact, some of them had taken the snakes in and domesticated them. Nimrod was adamant that snakes and humans can co-exist. He told me that early societies in North America had manipulated their environment in a way that allowed human and snake habitats to co-exist and overlap. He showed me a book written by European explorers, soldiers, trappers, and missionaries that affirmed native Indians even ate some of the species before they settled there.

Professional Knowledge and Abilities Essay Example for Free

Professional Knowledge and Abilities Essay The AAPT also known as the American of Pharmacy Technicians was founded in 1979. The AAPT is an international non-profit organization that is dedicated to improve the delivery of pharmaceutical services, which includes exchange, development, and dissemination of information. All educational requirements are essential for all pharmacy technicians, due to the exparsions of pharmacy technology. It is important that the value of education continues so the AAPT recognized the importance so they established a continuing education service. â€Å"AAPT CES is the official provider of CE credits for pharmacy technicians. (American Association of Pharmacy Technicians 2009) The contribution that the American Association of Pharmacy Technicians is the continuing education to increase my professional knowledge and abilities. It is required by my state that I have ten CE credits to keep my state certification and I have to have twenty to keep my international certification for me to be able to practice as a pharmacy technician. Continuing these courses it helps me to keep up on the new medications, latest technology, pharmacy laws and policies, and leadership abilities. It is proven that the information that is retained from the continuing education is very important in the operation of pharmacy. Another reason that it is important to continue education because of the constant changes in medication and pharmacy laws. It is believed that the information retained from the CE program can be considered a safety mechanism for everyone such as patients and health care providers is vital for the proper dispense of the medications without doing any harm to the patients, but also giving the best possible way to get and take the medication. In conclusion, for one to obtain professional knowledge and abilities one must go forth in the necessary education courses to be able to obtain what one is looking for. The AAPT is the right place to obtain that knowledge and abilities. Without that additional education then the one person would not be able to obtain the knowledge and abilities that they are seeking for their professional job.

Modernisme in de architectuur

Modernisme in de architectuur Inleiding Het modernisme in de architectuur, dat zijn ontstaan vond rond de jaren 20 van vorige eeuw, maakt vandaag de dag duidelijk deel uit van de architectuurgeschiedenis en is op deze manier deel van de traditie die zich onbewust voortzet in ons denken over architectuur. De kerngedachte van het modernisme is echter samen met zijn grootste pionier, Le Corbusier, gestorven. Het modernisme is een belangrijke inspiratiebron geweest voor verscheidene denkers in architectuur en daarbuiten. Omdat ze voor een radicale breuk zorgde met de bestaande traditie in het denken over architectuur en het realiseren van ideeà «n. Maar na onderzoek te verrichten binnen het modernisme, blijkt er een verschil te zijn tussen het schoolse voorbeeld van modernisme en de toepassing op woningen. Zo vindt men de basis ideologie wel terug, maar hanteert men in woningen zachtere en voorzichtigere toepassingen. pDe kerngedachte van het modernisme stond haaks op wat de overblijfselen van de 19de eeuwse architectuur, die zich vooral richtte op de faà §aden van woningen, ons toont. Er was niet veel sprake van leef- en woonkwaliteit, en de modernisten trachtten hierin een verandering te brengen, het interieur moest als een woonmachine beschouwd worden. Hierbij krijgt het functionele karakter voorrang op de vorm, waarbij licht, lucht en zicht vooropgesteld werd. Ontwerpers verlaten het ornament en zoeken naar eenvoud en eerlijkheid. Sobere en geometrische vormgeving wordt verwezenlijkt door het gebruik van moderne materialen. Op vlak van interieur betekende dit vooral dat er meer open ruimtes gecreà «erd werden, muren worden weggelaten, elektrisch licht die vanuit techniek omgezet wordt naar vormgeving. Inbouwmeubilair werd niet langer beschouwd als een meubel, maar nam plaats in als onderdeel van de ontworpen ruimte. Nog een belangrijke aanpassing was een eigen voordeur als onderdeel van de identiteit van elke woning, wat voorheen niet gebruikelijk was. Het modernisme diende als inspiratiebron op gebied van vormentaal, werkwijze en materialen in de latere stromingen. Vele van deze stromingen zijn echter een zwak afstammeling van wat het modernisme voor de architectuur betekend heeft. Wat de modernisten vaak verweten wordt, is dat de ruimtes die ze verwezenlijkten niet bestemd waren om in te wonen. De oorzaak is volgens ons te vinden bij de oorsprong van hun inspiratie. Modernisten hanteerden principes die afgeleid waren van gebouwen die de tand des tijd doorstaan hebben. Zo vond Le Corbusier zijn typologie uit tempels, die voor hem zuiverheid voorstelden. Ook Mies Van der Rohe tekende ruimtes die een meerwaarde bieden, maar die niet gebouwd zijn met de noden van een samenleving in het achterhoofd. Ze zijn het product van een denken, en zijn dus logischerwijze ook een product van de tijd waarin Mies van de Rohe leefde. Maar anderzijds wilde hij zich bezighouden met de architectuur op zich, en niet met de fenomenen die zich aandienden in de maatschappij. Zijn architectuur is op een bepaalde wijze volmaakt en correct, en net daarom wordt ze onbewoonbaar. Le Corbusier, echter, hield er geschriften op na waaruit zijn diepgaande interesse in de maatschappij bleek en de mate waarin zijn architectuur in die maatschappij voluit kon functioneren. Standaardisatie is, kort omschreven, wat Le Corbusier propageerde een kleine honderd jaar geleden. En dit is juist de paradox van het modernisme. Enerzijds brengt het vernieuwing teweeg, gesteund door idealisme dat onze grenzen verlegt. Maar eenmaal die vernieuwing voor weelde zorgt, verdwijnt het idealisme. De vernieuwing verspreidt zich niet meer, maar evolueert ter plaatse. Een belangrijke zijstroming van het modernisme, is het functionalisme, ook wel het Nieuwe Bouwen genoemd. Deze term wordt in de Nederlandse architectuurgeschiedenis gehanteerd tussen 1925 en 1940 voor modernistische architectuur binnen Nederland. Het gaat niet noodzakelijk om een nieuwe bouwstijl, maar eerder een nieuwe bouworganisatie, die een antwoord moest bieden aan de economische en demografische schaalvergroting, die problematisch bleek in die tijd. De aanhangers van het modernisme waren er van overtuigd dat de stijgende bevolkingsdensiteit niet langer kon gehuisvest worden, indien men bleef vasthouden aan de gebruikelijke manier van bouwen. Standaardisatie en schaalvergroting stonden centraal bij het functionalisme. De voorgestelde oplossingen bleken echter radicaal. Ze richtten zich op collectieve bouw, met praktische indeling, comfort en licht. De publieke ruimte werd voorzien van parken en pleinen. Ontwerpers trachtten de confrontatie met de straat, die in hun ogen te direct was, te veranderen. Zonlicht en natuur dienden de agressiviteit van de straten te verzachten. Naar woningen toe werd dit uitgebreid door ruim verglaasde gevels te plaatsen. Zadeldaken, schoorstenen en donkere gevels werden vervangen door pleisterwerk, glas- en metaalconstructies. In de ogen van modernisten waren dit, stuk voor stuk, nederige materialen die waardevol bleken vanwege de inherente schoonheid van hun lijnvoering en vormgeving die ze teweeg brachten.1 De gebouwen hadden een zwaar uiterlijk, maar stonden dankzij staal- en gewapend betonconstructies verheven boven het straatniveau. Architecten die tot het Nieuwe Bouwen gerekend werden, vonden steun bij het Bauhaus en Le Corbusier. Ze groepeerden zich in de 8 en Opbouw, waaronder Van Eesteren, B. Bijvoet, J. Duikers, W. Van Tijen, J.J. Van Loghem, J.J.P. Oud, J.A. Brinkman en L.C. Van der Vlught. Deze laatste twee hebben de Van Nellefabriek in Rotte rdam verwezenlijkt en zijn zeker noemenswaardige architecten binnen deze stijl. Wat ze voor ons in deze essay belangrijk maakt, zijn hun bewoonbare woontypologie. Een van die huizen is het inmiddels gerestaureerde woonmuseum Huis Sonneveld. Het huis Sonneveld is ondertussen een boegbeeld geworden voor het Nieuwe Bouwen. Huis Sonneveld Om het modernisme in zijn totaal beeld beter te begrijpen, leek het ons het beste een concreet voorbeeld te bespreken en hierin alle aspecten van het tijdsbeeld duidelijk te maken. De verwezenlijking dat ons hiervoor uitermate geschikt leek, is het reeds eerder vermelde huis Sonneveld. Sonneveld is gelegen aan de Jongkindstraat nabij het museumpark in Rotterdam. De woning werd omstreeks 1933 ontworpen door het architectenbureau Brinkman en Van der Vlugt. Zij hadden eveneens de fabriek ontworpen voor Albertus Sonneveld. Deze laatste was zodoende tevreden dat hij een verzoek deed om zijn woning ook te ontwerpen. A. Sonneveld was een vicedirecteur van de Van Nellefabriek in Rotterdam. Door zijn reizen naar Amerika wist hij wat er zich afspeelde op gebied van hygià «ne, luxe en comfort. Van zijn functionalistische architecten verwachte hij ook niet anders dan dat dit ook werd toegepast op zijn woning. De opdrachtgever was gefascineerd door technologie die het dagelijkse leven kon vereenvoudigen. Huis Sonneveld wordt gekenmerkt door gesamtkunstwerk. De betrokken architecten hebben weliswaar niet alles zelf ontworpen, maar waren bij elk aspect van de woning betrokken. Op deze manier hebben ze doorheen het hele gebouw hun stempel opdrukken. De woning wordt gekenmerkt door licht, lucht en ruimte. De vaststelling bleek duidelijk door het kijken naar de architectuur, het kleurgebruik en het interieur met modernistisch meubilair. Als we enkel naar het exterieur van het gebouw kijken, merken we veel gelijkenissen op met de bekendere architect, Le Corbusier. Huis Sonneveld werd opgebouwd uit drie bouwlagen met bovenop een dakterras. De voor- en achtergevel zijn witgepleisterd en bevatten bandramen om een relatie te creà «ren tussen binnen en buiten. Le Corbusier ontwierp woonmodules gelijkaardig aan waaruit deze woning is opgebouwd. De woonmodules worden op elkaar gestapeld en men tracht de buitenwereld binnen te halen. Vandaag is er niet veel meer van te merken, aangezien de natuurlijke omgeving in Rotterdam heeft plaatsgemaakt voor een museumpark. De toegepaste panoramavensters, het dakterras, de witte gevel en een vrij plan, vinden we ook reeds terug in de pijlers van Le Corbusier. Om een vrij plan te verzekeren werd een staalskelet toegepast. Betonvloeren verzekerde grotere overspanningen, waarbij men de aftekening van de bekisting in sommige ruimtes nog zichtbaar liet. Er wordt gespeeld met een verbinding tussen binnen en buiten, deels door een accurate toepassing van glas, anderzijds door open elementen te hanteren. Alle vertrekken staan in directe toegang met de tuin of de verscheidene terrassen. Deze verbinding geeft dat de woning verlengd wordt van het interieur naar buiten toe. De ruime en talrijke buitenruimtes bieden lucht en ruimte aan het geheel. Behalve de woning, werd ook de tuin en het volledige interieur ontworpen door de architecten Brinkman en Van der Vlugt. Beschrijving ontwerp De ideologie van het modernisme, het Nieuwe Bouwen, is duidelijk terug te vinden in het interieur van Huis Sonneveld. Zo werd er gebruik gemaakt van materialen die het tijdperk kenmerken. In de woning treffen we betonnen vloeren, stalen kolommen en stalen kozijnen aan. Die kozijnen zijn inmiddels tijdens de restauratie vervangen door aluminium kozijnen. Door de toepassing van een stalen skeletbouw werd de woning vrijgesteld van dragende wanden. Zoals het werd voorgedaan door Le Corbusier, werd de binnenruimte ingedeeld met een vrij plan en bandramen, die een overvloedige lichtinval verzekeren. Het platte dak biedt een plaats voor het dakterras. Van de drie bouwlagen, is de begane grond van het huis de enige die geen woonfunctie bevatte, vergelijkbaar met Villa Savoie van Le Corbusier dat enkele jaren voordien werd opgeleverd. Op dit niveau bevond zich de inkom, een garage en de dienstenvertrekken. Ook bevond zich hier de studeerruimte van de dochters Sonneveld. Aan de benedenverdieping te zien, is het duidelijk dat het hier om een kapitaalkrachtig gezin ging. De twee bedienden die steeds aanwezig waren in de woning beschikten over een eigen slaapkamer en een bescheiden leefruimte, afgescheiden van de werkgevers. Deze verdieping onderscheidt zich van de bovenliggende verdiepingen die de woning huisvesten van de familie Sonneveld. Men ontving gasten in de hal, waarna deze via de trap naar de woonvertrekken van het gezin kon worden geleid. Deze brede trap is bekleed met zwart marmer, waar rubber op stroken is bevestigd om het geluid te dempen. De trap draait als een schroef door het hele huis. De centrale as is open en de glanzend chromen leuningen werken als feestelijke serpentines, die de vorm begeleiden. Voor het personeel was er een apart trappenhuis voorzien om zich in alle bescheidenheid over de verdiepingen te begeven. Deze stond in directe verbinding met de keuken en een elektrische lift voor de afgeleverde goederen. Men had echt nagedacht over circulatie, privacy en voornamelijk technologie. De indeling van deze verdieping werd open opgevat. De ontwerper concipieerde een leefniveau met vloeiende overgangen. Men kiest voor een enkele leefruimte te ontwerpen, waarbinnen alle handelingen kunnen gebeuren, maar waarbij men steeds opteert de connecties van andere functies te betrekken. Echter blijkt wel dat er hier een beetje voorzichtig werd omgesprongen met die openheid. Er is namelijk een afscheidende schuifwand aanwezig. Hierin onderscheidt het Huis Sonneveld zich wel met het modernisme in vergelijking met Le Corbusier, waarbij meer gedurfd wordt te experimenteren met het vrije plan. Aan de andere kant kan dit ook toespelen op de discussie, i.v.m. de leefbaarheid van het modernisme. De schuifwand scheidt namelijk de woonkamer af van de bibliotheek en de eetkamer, waardoor binnen het gezin een soort van privacy kan gegarandeerd worden. De meubels die in deze ruimte zijn geplaatst, werden door de architecten en de opdrachtgever uitgekozen via een catalogus van Gispen Dat voor A. Sonneveld technische voorzieningen een vereiste was, is eerder al vermeld. Maar wat opmerkelijk blijft, is de doorgedrevenheid van die technische voorzieningen. Zo zou de woning vandaag nog steeds beschouwd kunnen worden als een luxewoning. Een ingebouwde luidspreker verbond tien telefoontoestellen, voor de communicatie binnenshuis. Twee andere telefoontoestellen verzorgde communicatie met de buitenwereld. De goederenlift die zich naast de openhaard bevond, werd gebruikt om hout vanuit de kelder naar boven aan te voeren. De keuken werd op alle manieren als een laboratorium beschouwd. De oorspronkelijke aankleding van de keukenkastjes bestond uit stalen deurtjes, die nadien bij restauratie vervangen werden door houten panelen. Ook de aparte circulatie van het dienstpersoneel doet dit vermoeden. Vanuit de keuken kon eten worden doorgegeven via een luik naar de eetkamer toe. Op de bovenste verdieping, bevonden zich de grote slaapkamer, kleedkamer en badkamer van de ouders evenals de slaapkamers en aparte badkamer van de dochters. In deze badkamer waren een ligbad, een toilet en twee wastafels beschikbaar. Ook was er een logeerkamer en een linnenkamer aanwezig. Op het dak werd er ook een dakterras voorzien. Maar ook op de eerste en tweede verdieping waren buitenruimten gecreà «erd, onder de vorm van balkons. De slaapkamers van de dochters waren beiden ingericht met identieke meubels en hier zijn ingebouwde kasten een deel van het geheel. De dochters bezaten elk over een eigen balkon. Aan de andere kant van de gang van deze verdieping bevond zich de riante slaapkamer van de ouders. Deze bezat aan twee zijden een buitenterras. Vanuit de ruime slaapkamer was ook een eigen badkamer bereikbaar voor de ouders. Deze badkamer symboliseerde in de jaren 30 de apotheose van het modernisme. Ze was ruimer dan de andere badkamer, bezat eveneens een ligbad. Een ultramoderne Amerikaanse douche vervolledigde het tijdsbeeld. De douche bezat 1 grote douchekop en werd aangevuld met 9 massagesproeikoppen. Vernieuwingen in materialen In het huis werd moeite noch geld gespaard om de nieuwste materialen en technieken voor te stellen. In tegenstelling tot donkere parketvloeren met handgemaakte tapijten, vindt men hier vloeren uit linoleum en rubber. De leidingen werden doordacht weggestoken in schachten, die soortgelijk waren aan hedendaagse leidingschachten. Deze detaillering werd nagedaan van fabrieksontwerpen. Behalve de studeerkamer van de dochters, werd er in elke kamer een linoleum of rubberen vloer gelegd. Dit materiaal was in die tijd vrij duur en werd tot dan doe enkel geplaatst in ziekenhuizen, vanwege zijn hygià «nische kenmerken. Linoleum is ook niet vochtdoorlatend en werd naar onderhoud toe geà «xalteerd door gebruikers. De bewoners bevonden dit materiaal eerder kaal en ongezellig. Er werd daarom geopteerd om de ruimte aan te kleden met een warmer materiaal, dat een leefbaarder antwoord bood. Moderne tapijten bleken de geschiktste aankleding. Het meubilair en de verlichting werden door Gispen ontworpen. Meestal ging het over een meubelstuk dat verkrijgbaar was in de bestaande handel van Gispen, maar sommige meubels werden aangepast aan de visie van de architecten. Gispen begon al in een vroeg stadium van het modernisme te experimenteren met moderne verlichting. Hij stelde zijn lampontwerpen samen uit zuivere vormen. Liefst waren zijn creaties zuiver geometrisch opgebouwd, zoals van een modernist werd geacht. De buislampen, die reeds veel weg hebben van TL-lampen, in Huis Sonneveld, zijn van de hand van Gispen. Zijn bewondering voor de buisstoelen van Marcel Breuer, zorgde ervoor dat hij zelf begon te experimenteren met buismeubelen. In 1928 startte de productie van zijn stalen buismeubelen. De stalen buismeubelen paste door vormgeving, functionaliteit en transparantie bij het Nieuwe Bouwen. Door met een minimum aan materiaal een stoel te ontwerpen werd een open structuur verkregen. Verder maakte een minimalisering van stoffering, glanzende chroomafwerking en de toepassing van transparante tafelbladen, het mogelijk om de meubels seriematig te produceren. De serieproductie gaf ook aanleiding om het produceren van een catalogus, waardoor nieuwe meubels toegankelijker werden voor het grote publiek. Het algemene devies ven het Nieuwe bouwen: licht, lucht en ruimte werd hier wel gealterneerd in een luxe uitvoering ervan: sfeer, hygià «ne en comfort.2 Kenmerken die A. Sonneveld eiste. Het totaalconcept moest ook kloppen en men ging zelfs zo ver dat er ook serviesgoed en glazen speciaal werden ontworpen. Kleurgebruik Het kleurgebruik werd voor de restauratie geanalyseerd om de juiste kleuren te kunnen weergeven, aangezien de tijd ervoor had gezorgd dat kleuren vervaagden of overschilderd werden. Het kleurenprogramma van Huis Sonneveld werd ontworpen door kunstenaar Bart van der Leck. Volgens de restauratiearchitect, Joris Molenaar, kan het kleurgebruik opgedeeld worden in drie zones. De eerste zone was de woonkamer, de tweede zone betrof de eetkamer en studio en de laatste zone bestond uit de dienstenvertrekken. De woonkamer met bijhorende bibliotheek werd uitgebeeld in aardtinten. Bruin, brons en beige waren de aangenamere versies van het puristische wit, waar door modernisten zo graag naar werd gegrepen. Elk detail van deze ruimte werd door een kleurenschema bepaalt, zo zijn de gordijnen, de tapijten en zelfs de schuifwand in diezelfde kleuren. De bekleding van de meubels steekt een beetje meer af ten opzichte van de sobere ruimte, maar blijven steeds binnen hetzelfde thema. De volgende kleurgroep spreidt zich over de eetkamer en de studio. In tegenstelling tot het vorige kleurenschema, waar de kleuren aan elkaar aangepast waren, domineren de kleuren de ruimte hier. Primaire kleuren confronteren de pasteltinten die aanwezig zijn. Tenslotte werden de dienstvertrekken uitgevoerd in beige met als accentkleur dieprood. Op de gangen wordt datzelfde beige gecombineerd met gele deurvlakken. In elk aspect van het huis is even modern en conceptueel opgevat, zo werd er opgemerkt dat de kleedkamer van de ouders en de badkamer van de dochters afweek van het kleurenschema. De kleedkamer werd uitgevoerd in appelgroen. De badkamer van de meisjes werd dan weer bekleed met bolle tegeltjes in een pastelgroen. Deze twee vertrekken lijken eerder Art Nouveau dan Modernisme.

Reason Why Teens Use Drugs :: Drugs, Social Issues, Legal Issues

The reasons why teenagers use drugs. Drug use is the increasing problem among teenagers in today's High schools. Ever since the drug war of 1900, drugs have been a major problem in todays society. Use of drugs such as opium, morphine, and their derivatives were quite commonplace in nineteenth century America. While most students of contemporary high school drug education programs know about the use of coca leaves in early Coca-Cola and the opium trade with China, the matter of drug addiction at the turn of the century is much more extensive than usually acknowledged. It is estimated that by 1975 there were somewhere in the neighborhood of 550,000 regular users of addictive drugs in the U.S. While this number may seem large (taking into consideration the smaller population of the country in 1970s as compared to today) it is actually surprisingly small even when such drugs were available over the counter. Cocaine, morphine, laudanum, and heroin were all available in drug stores and through the mail. Until the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, banned the sale and distribution of these such drugs In local shops and stores ,and through the mail.Today, all of these drugs are illegal Including the most popular drug among teens and in the united states, marijuana. Most drug use begins in the preteen and teenage years, these years most crucial in the maturation process. During these years, teenagers are faced with difficult tasks of discovering their self identity, as well as their sexual roles,becoming independence, learning to cope with authority and searching for goals that would

Downtown Beirut, Response on Mohsen’s Article Essay

Downtown Beirut: a spot pour les bourgeois In his article Downtown Beirut: A City of Ghosts? , published in the Alakhbar English journal on Saturday, January 7 2012, Ahmed Mohsen describes the heart of Beirut as an empty, fake, artificial hanging spot for the elite, so distant and alienated from the culture and the civilization of the good old Beirut known for its diversity among different social classes. Mohsen considers rebuilding the capital after the traumatizing war have indeed its true identity and covered its alleys with fake architecture that destroyed the historical beauty of what once was known as â€Å"the Paris of the Middle East†. For many, what’s known today as † Solidere â€Å", projects the new post war era, the era of a flourishing economy and an original society. In fact, the new buildings are indeed nothing more than an overpriced imitation of other countries’ architecture leaving the old Beirut and its rich Middle Eastern history nothing more than a memory along with its social traditions. Mohsen pointed out in his article that after rebuilding the center of the capital, the original citizens in Wadi Abu Jamil and its surroundings are no longer there. According to the author’s article â€Å"Wadi Abu Jamil’s original residents and owners have vanished. † (Page #120) I personally believe that the old Beirut with its old, wrecked buildings and crowded dirty alleys is a unique haven of coexistence between the various religious sects and the different social classes unlike the new â€Å"Down Town† or â€Å"DT† with its new original buildings inhabited by only one social class. The â€Å"High† class. The reconstruction of Beirut put money and artificial beauty over the unity of the classes and the unity of the different peoples that lived for centuries in Lebanon and their reunification after the devastating war. In his article, the author criticized the fact that only rich people can shop or hang out in the â€Å"DT† saying â€Å"For those who can afford it, the place to shop in downtown is â€Å"Beirut souks†. â€Å"(Page # 119). In fact, all the shops present in downtown are indeed expensive for the average citizen. But the problem is that even the most basic things in a small shop are much more expensive than any other place in the country. Buying a simple cone of ice cream will cost you something around 2000 L. L in Lebanon, but buying it from downtown will cost you about 7000 L. L. All the artificial beauty that is supposed to encourage the Lebanese around the world to go back to their country is in fact, a repulsive, ugly place reserved for the elite and rich tourists from neighboring Arabic countries.

“Here” by Philip Larkin Essay

Write a close critical analysis of ‘Here’ showing how far this is characteristic of the style and concerns of Larkin’s collection ‘The Whitsun Weddings’ ‘Here’ is a poem exploring Larkin’s flight of imagination as he travels from London to Hull on the train. It is the first poem in The Whitsun Weddings collection and seems to be an appropriate introduction because, much like his other poetry, it looks at humanity’s place in the world and the effect of consumerism. Following the pattern of many other poems in this collection, ‘Here’ begins with physical ideas of ‘rich industrial images’, before becoming more abstract in the final stanza. By beginning the poem with the participle, ‘swerving’, Larkin immediately gives the reader a sense of the moment being suspended in the present, before an unpredictable, fast movement, which is not usually associated with travelling on a train. The word itself is sudden, describing an immediate action and repetition of this throughout the first stanza emphasises this sensation, creating a feeling of Larkin’s thoughts being free and unrestrained. The beauty of this movement is then contrasted by the sharp sounds of the ‘thin and thistled’ fields, bringing attention to the change in surroundings, from the town to the countryside. By listing what he sees from the window of the train – ‘scarecrows, haystacks, hares and pheasants’ – Larkin constructs a series of moving rural images that contrast to the earlier industrial descriptions of ‘workmen at dawn’. The sibilance on ‘haystacks, hares’ increases the rhythm of the poem and represents the movement of the journey of the train. As well as this, the constant and repetitive use of ‘and’ in this stanza creates a feeling of the images continuing forever, without stopping. This is further emphasised by the fact that the poem is all one sentence that is not end-stopped until the final stanza, resulting in the feeling of building tension and pressure. In the last two lines, Larkin further explores the beauty of the countryside. He creates a sense of the fields opening up with ‘the widening river’ and its ‘slow presence’ along with the ‘piled gold clouds’, gives a feeling of dignity and a suggestion of heaven, while the lengthened assonance slows the  pace of the meter, further adding to this peaceful atmosphere. Larkin’s transition from the rural area shown in stanza one, to images of urban activity in stanza two come as a shock. The ‘domes and statues, spires and cranes’ creates a sense of bustle and closeness in the town, which contrasts to the beauty of the ‘shining gull-marked mud’ previously described. The word ‘cluster’ is welcoming, giving the sense of intimacy and an impression of everything being pulled together in a rich concentration. This idea is taken further with the introduction of ‘grain-scattered streets’ where there is a feeling of abundance. However, Larkin quickly explodes this sensation with the introduction of more contemporary buildings with ‘plate-glass swing doors’, creating the feeling that the town is modernising and on the axis of change. At this point we start to see parallels with other poems in The Whitsun Weddings. In both ‘The Whitsun Weddings’ and in ‘Sunny Prestatynâ €™, for example, he condemns the nature of commercialisation. â€Å"Parodies of fashion† and â€Å"nylon gloves and jewellery substitutes†, from ‘The Whitsun Weddings’, criticises the nature of consumerism and parallels Larkin’s words in ‘Here’. We get the impression that Larkin does not like the advancement and change occurring in the town. The phrase ‘flat faced trolleys’ seems blunt and unappealing, while ‘raw estates’ suggests something unfinished, without polish and out of place. By listing products, Larkin implies that consumerism is addictive; ‘cheap suits, red kitchen-ware, sharp shoes, iced lollies, electric mixers, toasters, washers, driers-‘, creates a sense of the products building up. By using commas, instead of ‘and’, Larkin enhances the meter of the poem to give a staccato effect and a build in tension. He does this to emphasise the consumer’s obsession with material goods and enhances this affect by shortening the length of s yllables in each word as the list progresses. Reflecting his ideas in ‘The Whitsun Weddings’ – where he describes the reverse journey to ‘Here’, travelling fro London to Hull – Larkin further denounces consumerism with the callous words in stanza three, ‘a cut-price crowd, urban yet simple’. This relatively dismissive tone relates back to the earlier images of ‘raw estates’ giving the impression that the people living in these urban areas are not sophisticated. The phrase ‘cut-price  crowd’ is made up of hard, harsh sounds, but this is contrasted by the following words, ‘yet simple’, which has an affectionate tone for the uncomplicated people. Following this, the word ‘dwelling’ appears comfy and suggests affection for the inhabitants, which reminds us of the warmth Larkin shows towards the earl and countess, in ‘Arundel Tomb’. We get a sense of the town spreading out and growing with the ‘mortgaged half-build edges’ and the ‘isolate villages’, showing that consumerism is engulfing the entire area. This is taken further with the words ‘where removed lives/loneliness clarifies’ which is split across the two stanzas and finally end-stops the 27 line sentence. Through this separation, Larkin uses enjambment to draw our attention to each word, therefore, showing the shift of perspective and pace. The word ‘clarifies’ strips away any confusion or doubts, demonstrating how unblemished the rural areas are. By containing the first three stanzas within one sentence, Larkin creates a sensation of the reader travelling with him on the train. This long sentence juxtaposes the sudden short, monosyllabic sentence in the final stanza – ‘here silence stands like heat’. The long vowel sounds in this sentence create a sense of peace and freedom. This contrast in sentence length is symbolic of the journey, which is enhanced by the use of iambic pentameter throughout the poem. For the first three stanzas, the pentameter is flawless, adding to the sense of constant and rhythmic movement. However, in the last stanza, it is more erratic, lines like â€Å"luminously peopled air ascends† fall a few syllables short of the constant rhythm throughout the rest of the poem, showing that Larkin is a little unsettled. The final stanza gives the reader a shift in tone, from fast paced, to slow and reflective, through twists of syntax. This reminds us of the final sentences in â€Å"Mr Bleaney† – ‘should make him pretty sure he warranted no better’ where the tone is also changed suddenly. In this stanza, the poem becomes more abstract and repetition of ‘here’ slows the rhythm down, giving significance to the moment. ‘Luminously-peopled air’ is mysterious and suggestive, taking us away from the brilliantly captured images earlier in the poem towards a vague and suggestive tone. Alongside this, use of words such as ‘unnoticed’, ‘hidden’ and ‘neglected’ stresses the absence of people  and creates a sense of nature being unwatched. ‘Hidden weeds’ gives the impression that they are private, which contrasts to the earlier images of busy consumerism. The final line is particularly poignant, ‘here is unfenced existence’, stating Larkin’s main message that even when we die, nature will still be there. Similar to in ‘Dockery and Son’, Larkin suggests his terror of death and feeling of dread at descending into oblivion when life ends. ‘Here’, reflects Larkin’s main message throughout The Whitsun Weddings of disenchantment with industrial advancement and the age of consumerism. By using long sentences and enjambment throughout the poem, Larkin creates a sense of building tension and alongside this, much like his other poems in this collection, ‘Here’ moves from physical ideas to the abstract. This results in an overall message echoing his views towards life and society.

Significant Events That Led To Prussia’s Expansion

The rise of Prussia started with one man, Frederick William. Fredrick was the first major ruler of Prussia. Fredrick was important to the rise of Prussia because he was able to get a large standing army. To sustain a large army Fredrick had to tax his people. Having a large army was the key to Prussia’s expansion. During the Spanish war, he offered his army to the Holly Roman Empire and by doing so gave him the title of King of Prussia. Fredrick wanted Prussia to be a great power in Europe. To reach this goal he introduced a cabinet system of government. By doing this he could take full control of Prussia. He also enforced a General Directory, which united all areas of the Prussian empire. Due to Frederick’s rule the Prussian army was able to double within forty years. This meant that Prussia had the third largest army in Europe. When they only had the thirteenth largest population. Frederick used Prussia’s large army as a symbol of power and not to be used for dominance but his son Frederick the second had other ideas. Fredrick the second took advantage of the Prussian army. During his reign Fredrick the second attacked Austria and conquered Silesia during the Silesian war. Frederick II was able to claim polish territories to connect the empire. During his military campaigns he gained the title of Frederick the great. Frederick the great was also able to transform Prussia into an economically powerful state. After the conquering of Silesia Frederick was able to gain raw materials to fuel the Prussian infrastructure. He also added 150,000 acres of farmland, introduced new vegetables to harvest and introduced an indirect tax, meaning that the state would provide more revenue by this than it did with direct tax. Otto von Bismarck and the unification of Germany Otto von Bismarck was a skilled diplomat and was the chancellor of Prussia/Germany. Bismarck started many wars that led to Prussia’s dominance over Austria and France. Bismarck used both diplomacies and the Prussian military to achieve a unified Germany. Bismarck brought all the smaller states of Germany and combined them with Prussia, also making sure that Prussia was the most dominant state. Controlling both army and navy. In 1866 Bismarck had started a war with Austria that would cement Germany as one country. The Austro-Prussian war was a decider of who would have more German states. Due to Prussia having an alliance with Italy and better military tactician they were able to defeat Austria. This resulted in more German states under Prussian control over Austria. At the end of Bismarck reign he was able to say that he had connected Prussia with the northern German states creating one unified Germany.

EU Integration and Citizenship Law Dissertation

EU Integration and Citizenship Law - Dissertation Example EU is, however, a work in progress and while it is done with such tasks as border control and economic integration, the Union has to move on to the more difficult areas – home affairs, immigration, defense, among others – which have strong social dimensions. As more and more states aspire for EU membership to partake of this umbrella of protection, its further enlargement poses new challenges to European integration. For one, the nature and histories of the possible candidates for new membership are unlike any of the existing member states. The problem becomes even more complicated after EU approved the Maastricht Treaty establishing the Citizenship-of-the-Union law, which many perceive as an attempt to reconfigure and supersede the national citizenship and identities of member states. This EU-wide citizenship statute has stimulated an acrimonious debate about the social, political and citizenship structure of an enlarged Union. In essence, the debate centers on whether it is wise for EU to make forward steps to strengthen European citizenship or keep it as a largely theoretical proposition. Should people under EU be called European citizens and in the process forget their original British, French, or Turkish citizenships, as the case may be? Or should they be allowed to assume a new EuroEuropean citizenship on top of their respective national identities? This paper examines the relationship between EU integration and the implementation of the new citizenship law for Europeans. Special attention will be given to the causes and effects, the pros and cons, and the conceptual basis of identity formation on the community, national and regional levels. The objective of the treatise is three-fold: 1) illumine the reasons for the enactment of the EU citizenship law and its relevance to the integration process; 2) assess the validity of the objections to the idea of European citizenship; and 3) determine what form and characteristics of European citizenship would find greater acceptance. 2. Enlargement and Integration Further enlargement is a necessity for EU because it would serve to strengthen the Union's capability to maintain the balance of peace in the continent1. As the Union counts more member states, it becomes stronger in the process. The earliest nucleus of EU was composed of Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Ireland, UK, Luxembourg and Netherlands. They were joined by Greece in 1981 and Portugal and Spain in 1986. Austria, Finland and Sweden followed in 1995. The year 2003 saw the accession of a group consisting of Cypress, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia, while

Economic events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic events - Essay Example Such historical instances of oil shocks had subsequent implications on the world’s economy in diverse ways. From observations of oil supply disruptions for over almost six decades now, from 1944, it is incontrovertible that high oil prices have been the significant cause of world’s major economic recessions. Introduction of Bretton Woods system was one of the post-war reconstruction initiatives undertaken by world leaders from over one hundred states. It is remarkable that the U.S dollar dominated during the world war for being very powerful against other currencies. The Bretton Woods system, a decision made in 1944, allowed for the exchange of different currencies. The conference also resolved to form the IMF. The World Bank was among the institutions formed during the conference. The IMF was created for the function of monitoring the different countries’ rates of exchange. It also served as an institution mandated to lend reserve currencies. The decision was to help countries with deficits to evade any circumstances that would cause devaluation of the country's currency and cause instability. The World Bank’s mandate was to issue capital needed to the underdeveloped countries as part of post-war reconstruction of the global economy. ... By the end of the second war, the U. S still experienced a relatively stable economic state compared to other countries. All the nations, therefore, decided to trade in dollar which was pegged to gold. The United States expressed its dedication to redeeming the international holdings of the dollar. The rate set was thirty-five dollars per ounce. This was the greatest reason for the stability in the financial system experienced after 1944. The gold standard set in 1944 ensured stability in the rates of exchange. Under the Bretton Woods system, there were exclusively limited conditions that would call for a reform of the value of gold in relation to the currency of any country. It led to the ceiling of the domestic money supply of every country. The 1970s, however, presented several challenges to the U.S currency following several economic conditions, which brought in many challenges to the stability of the dollar. There were the economic effects of the Vietnam War, for instance. The U .S, in 1971, made the decision that was later to have an effect on the entire world economy and cause a collapse of the stability that prevailed since 1944. Without consultations, the U.S disregarded the gold standard set in 1944. Floating rates started to function as compared to fixed rates after the uplifting of the pegging. Market trading remained the determinant of the currency value of all currencies. The effects of uplifting of the pegging on the oil price had extensive implications and were a cause of instability. Since the dollar is the global currency used in the crude oil market, a weak dollar would attract a high price of oil. An example is the high price of gasoline that

Cola Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cola Wars - Essay Example While the Equity/Assets ratio of PepsiCo has increased over the decades, it has remained nearly the same for Coke. Coke has experienced increase in the Debt/Asset ratio while PepsiCo has seen a decline in this ratio. PepsiCo increased its popularity through diversification strategy and spending on advertising, though its ROE occasionally dropped because of the divided attention between the promotion of different products. Coke led the competition between the 80s and the 90s in terms of sales and profitability. Shift of customer preferences affected both companies in 2000s, though Coke managed its indebtedness better than PepsiCo. Nevertheless, PepsiCo took the lead starting from 2000. Both Coke and PepsiCo have been twisting their HR departments in response to external influences and changing preferences (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2012). The most important HR policy of Coke is recruitment of talent globally. Both companies have good reputation for rewarding their employees. Coke and Pepsi are the products of the two companies. Partnerships and diversification strategies have helped the two companies keep the price reasonable and be at the right places. Both companies have spent a lot on promotional campaigns, particularly of their new

(Second Language acquisition) Data Collection Assignment requires Research Paper

(Second Language acquisition) Data Collection Assignment requires getting two language samples from second language learners - Research Paper Example However, in a bid to overcome barriers that could hinder one from acquiring new markets and opportunities, people have strived hard to beat all odds and perform feats previously considered impossible by their peers (Zaraysky 2009, 32). To understand the concept of second language acquisition, it is necessary to comprehend some factors that make a language harder to learn than another. The first of these factors is difference in grammatical structure of a language from another. Different languages have varied use of grammar. Whereas one language could demand that the verb comes before the subject, another could require that the subject comes before the verb. This causes initial confusion to the learner, slowing his pace and probability of grasping a new language. Second, a difference in pronunciation requirements of a language hinders one’s ability to articulate in speech a language he may have mastered its vocabulary. In addition, language learners are usually used to their lo cal accents and tone, and managing to cope with a foreign accent is sometimes nightmarish. Cultural differences between different language speakers influence their native language and the ease with which they can adapt to another cultural language (Blake 2008, 43). It is, therefore, important for a second language learner to understand the culture of the people he is learning their tongue. Aims and Objectives of the Research This inter-language data analysis aims at creating an understanding of differences between two sample languages. Upon gathering, analyzing and understanding these facts, there will be a clearer understanding of the difficulties one should expect while learning any of the two languages. In this case, German and English languages are compared and contrasted. Analysis of the languages is based on two samples of short essays (essay 1 and essay 2 available at the appendix). The objective of this comparison and contrast is to make learning the languages easy. Other th an the vocabulary aspect of the two languages, this research goes further to dissect each language in details and reveal their fine linguistic differences. Data pertaining to several aspects of the languages is a crucial facet of the research. Issues to do with pronunciation of English words against German language are considered at length. In addition, the research labors to find out grammatical differences between the two languages. The chief characteristic of this grammatical analysis is the order of verbs, subjects, nouns, pronouns and adjectives. Collected data is also used to create an awareness of the cultural differences, if any. It thereafter tries to offer solutions to the difficulties one observes in learning either English or German as a second language. Clearly, data collection and analysis of learning a second language will make the process of grasping German as a second language to a native English speaker easier. The research aims at lessening the time and effort one puts in learning a new lingo. By preparing one for the challenges to expect in learning a language and providing possible solutions to the hurdles, a learner is placed in a good position to learn fast. Data Collection Methods Methods used to collect data for this research was informed by several factors. It was necessary to put into consideration the data collection strategy, accuracy requirements of the research, skills of

Sexism and Racism Based on Laurence Thomas' Sexism and Racism Assignment

Sexism and Racism Based on Laurence Thomas' Sexism and Racism - Assignment Example According to Thomas (240), sexism, unlike the case of racism, readily lends itself to a morally unobjectionable description. I  believe  it is morally wrong and unacceptable in the 21st century to discriminate or  view  the female gender as inferior to their male counterparts. It is only a male chauvinist who would try to  abuse  a woman on the  basis  that it is  right  since she is female. In the present world, it is  adorable  to see a man who treats and takes care of a woman than a  man  who is  rough  towards ladies.  Women are precious gems who  need  to be well taken care of and shown affection even in accordance to various  holy  books such as the bible and Quran.  It is also in this  light  that women in the present  world  are viewed  as future leaders due to their discipline and determination. Women have a large role to play in the society aside from the few roles that they were responsible for in the traditional settin g. The world has evolved in such a  manner  that we have women performing roles that  were traditionally viewed  as being for males such as engineering, medicine and piloting. Males have also taken on roles such as cleaning, which shows that  sexism  is slowly eroding away, and should not be allowed to  prejudice  against anyone.  It also goes without saying that ‘whatever a man can do, women can do better’ which is a common phrase employed to  kill  prejudice  and  sexism  among women (Thomas 240).  Women are just like men and should be regarded as their equals since it is likely that they can be like men and  better  if given the  chance. Hence sexism seems to be an issue that deters development in many communities and should be abolished in the  society  in whatever way possible. There should be real change in the  society  and men and women should reach a  point  and be  regarded  as equals. In such times, feminist s  need  to  come  in place in order to  empower  and  protect  the rights of women in society. Time and again, the  society  will not  mend  itself without the help of the same women coming  forth  and pressing charges on those who  discriminate  them. Though, in many societies, women  are usually belittled  and  regard  themselves as the inferior and the people to be taken care of, some people usually take advantage of their inferiority to  abuse  them (Thomas 241). Thomas views women as the  cause  of their inferiority since they are  submissive  to the set norms in the society. Many religions and cultures have  constantly  regarded women as inferior to men making them believe that hindering them from fighting for their rights. Even if, a feminist came to fight for the rights of such women, they would not be shocked to  get  much  opposition  from the same women they would be sacrificing to  free  from oppression . Women  constantly  suffer from  oppression  from male counter parts by being the weaker sex in the society. Hence the issue of sexism proves to be a  point  where other people take advantage of the weaker sex. In life, men are  naturally  bullies, and they get the chance  utilize  it  fully

Duke Ellington Essay Example for Free

Duke Ellington Essay One of the greatest jazz bandleaders, arrangers, recording artist, and composers of all time is none other than Duke Ellington. Born on April 29, 1899 in Washington, D.C., Ellington was destined for musical talent. His family was musically talented; both of his parents could play piano even though neither could read music. Ellington did not grow up in a poor family; and he had educational advantages that many black musicians in his time didn’t have. He received the nickname â€Å"Duke† from a fellow classmate, because of his elegant way of dressing and his regal behavior. While in school elementary school, he received piano lessons, and by the time he reached high school, he was already performing locally. He was also a fairly good painter and won a scholarship to the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. But his art career was overshadowed by his love for music. Music won his heart, so art wasn’t in the picture. At the age of 17, he wrote his first song, â€Å"The Soda Fountain Rag†, which was his debut. In 1919, Ellington’s son Mercer was born. With encouragement from Fats Waller, Duke moved to New York with his newly formed group, The Washingtonians. He later formed the Duke Ellington Orchestra, which by 1930 had grown to include 12 musicians. During these early years in New York, Ellington developed skills that he would carry throughout his entire career. He evolved from band member to leader and performed in a variety of clubs. His writing and arranging skills also evolved and became more defined. These new skills would be his unique compositional style. Some of Ellington’s new influences were stride piano players like Willie â€Å"The Lion† Smith and James P. Johnson and ragtime piano players. One of the best career moves made by Ellington was his booking at The Cotton Club in Harlem, New York. His band was established house performers there from 1927 to 1932. Ellington’s influence on the jazz community was definite from that point on. Radio broadcasts from the club made Ellington famous across America and also gave him the financial security to assemble a top notch band that he could write music specifically for. Musicians tended to stay with the band for long periods of time. For example, saxophone player Harry Carney would remain with Duke nonstop from 1927 to Ellingtons death in 1974. In 1928 clarinetist Barney Bigard left King Oliver and joined the band. Ellington and Bigard would later co-write one of the orchestras signature pieces Mood Indigo in 1930. In 1929 Bubber Miley, was fired from the band because of his alcoholism and replaced with Cootie Williams. Ellington also appeared in his first film Black and Tan later that year. The Duke Ellington Orchestra left the Cotton Club in 1931 (although he would return on an occasional basis throughout the rest of the Thirties) and toured the U.S. and Europe. During Duke Ellington’s tenure at the Cotton Club, he had gone from an aspiring New York bandleader to a leading figure in the world of jazz. He had become well known far beyond New York. Along with the Cotton Club reviews, he had made many records, radio broadcasts, special performances, and even film appearances. He officially had a national following, and he needed to create new music that would address both his national and international audiences. Ellington was set to accomplish new things in the world of jazz. Ellington’s band was ahead of their time style wise, and they could really swing. Ellingtons first great achievements came in the three-minute song form, and he later wrote music for all kinds of settings: the ballroom, the comedy stage, the nightclub, the movie house, the theater, the concert hall, and the cathedral. Ellington’s different music styles became more pronounced and recognizable.His first style was his jungle style, which included much growling on the instruments. This style was built around the raucous playing of Bubber Miley, Cootie Williams, and Tricky Sam Nanton. The song East St. Louis Toodle-Oo is a good example of this style of playing. The floor shows were elaborately designed around the music the band played. His next style was his mood style, is known for his exquisitely beautiful ballads played by saxophonist Johnny Hodges. Some of his most known mood style selections are â€Å"Solitude†, â€Å"Prelude to a Kiss†, and â€Å"Lotus B lossom†. Another style is his concerto style, in which he featured Cootie Williams, Jimmy Hamilton, and Barney Bigard. By the early 1940s, Ellington experimented with extended composition and his orchestra toured the US and Europe extensively. In 1943, Ellington inaugurated a series of annual concerts at Carnegie Hall with the premiere of Black, Brown, and Beige. He continued to expand the scope of his compositions and activities as a bandleader throughout his life. His foreign tours became increasingly frequent and successful; his travel experiences served as the inspiration for his many works about people, places and trains. He wrote nearly two thousand compositions before his death in 1974. His fourth style was his standard style, where he approached his arrangements in the same manner as the other big bands. He also had a dance style that kind of coincided with his jungle style. Unlike many of their contemporaries, the Ellington Orchestra was able to make the change from the Hot Jazz of the 1920s to the Swing music of the 1930s. The song It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing) even came to define the era. This ability to adapt and grow with the times kept the Ellington Orchestra a major force in Jazz up until Dukes death in the 1970s. Throughout the Forties and Fifties Ellingtons fame and influence continued to grow. The band continued to produce Jazz standards like Take the A Train, Perdido, The C Jam Blues and Satin Doll. In the 1960s Duke wrote several religious pieces, and composed The Far East Suite. He also collaborated with a very diverse group of musicians whose styles spanned the history of Jazz. He played in a trio with Charles Mingus and Max Roach, sat in with both the Louis Armstrong All-Stars and the John Coltrane Quartet, and he had a double big-band date with Count Basie. Duke Ellington influenced millions of people both around the world and at home. He gave American music its own sound for the first time. In his fifty year career, he played over 20,000 performances in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East as well as Asia. The extent of Ellingtons innovations helped to redefine the various forms in which he worked. Duke Ellington was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1966. He was later awarded several other prizes, along with 13 Grammys, the Pulitzer Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969, and the Legion of Honor by France in 1973, the highest civilian honors in each country. Simply put, Ellington transcends boundaries and fills the world with a treasure trove of music that renews itself through every generation of fans and music-lovers. His legacy continues to live on and will endure for generations to come. His son Mercer Ellington took over his band after his death, and his grandson Paul Ellington is over the Ellington Estate now. The Ellington Fund helps to fund the Ellington School of Arts where students are inspired to achieve their highest musical capabilities. Duke Ellington is truly a classic indeed. CITED PAGE www.dukeellington.com\ellington www.pbs.org www.redhotjazz.com\duke.html www.schirmer.com The Biographical Dictionary of African Americans